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Register a new userProbing millicharged particles with ultrasensitive optical nonlinear sensor based on levitated cavity optomechanics
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Particles with electric charge 10^(-12)e in bulk mass are not excluded by present experiments. In the present letter we provide a feasible scheme to measure the millicharged particles via the optical cavity coupled to a levitated microsphere. The results show that the optical probe spectrum of the micro-oscillator presents a distinct shift due to the existence of millicharged particles. Owing to the very narrow linewidth(10^(-7) Hz) of the optical Kerr effect, this shift will be more obvious, which makes the millicharges more easy to be detectable. We propose a method to eliminate the polarization force background via the homogeneously charged ring, which makes the scheme displays strong advantages in precision than the current experiments. The technique proposed here paves the way for new applications for probing dark matter and nonzero charged neutrino in the condensed matter.
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Optomechanical systems explore and exploit the coupling between light and the mechanical motion of matter. A nonlinear coupling offers access to rich new physics, in both the quantum and classical regimes. We investigate a dynamic, as opposed to the usually studied static, nonlinear optomechanical system, comprising of a nanosphere levitated and cooled in a hybrid electro-optical trap. An optical cavity offers readout of both linear-in-position and quadratic-in-position (nonlinear) light-matter coupling, whilst simultaneously cooling the nanosphere to millikelvin temperatures for indefinite periods of time in high vacuum. We observe cooling of the linear and non-linear motion, leading to a $10^5$ fold reduction in phonon number $n_p$, attaining final occupancies of $n_p = 100-1000$. This work puts cavity cooling of a levitated object to the quantum ground-state firmly within reach.
We theoretically show that a magnet can be stably levitated on top of a punctured superconductor sheet in the Meissner state without applying any external field. The trapping potential created by such induced-only superconducting currents is characterized for magnetic spheres ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of millimeters. Such a diamagnetically levitated magnet is predicted to be extremely well isolated from the environment. We therefore propose to use it as an ultrasensitive force and inertial sensor. A magnetomechanical read-out of its displacement can be performed by using superconducting quantum interference devices. An analysis using current technology shows that force and acceleration sensitivities on the order of $10^{-23}text{N}/sqrt{text{Hz}}$ (for a 100 nm magnet) and $10^{-14}g/sqrt{text{Hz}}$ (for a 10 mm magnet) might be within reach in a cryogenic environment. Such unprecedented sensitivities can be used for a variety of purposes, from designing ultra-sensitive inertial sensors for technological applications (i.e. gravimetry, avionics, and space industry), to scientific investigations on measuring Casimir forces of magnetic origin and gravitational physics.
We report dispersive coupling of an optically trapped silica nanoparticle ($143~$nm diameter) to the field of a driven Fabry-Perot cavity in high vacuum ($4.3times 10^{-6}~$mbar). We demonstrate nanometer-level control in positioning the particle with respect to the intensity distribution of the cavity field, which allows access to linear, quadratic and tertiary optomechanical interactions in the resolved sideband regime. We determine all relevant coupling rates of the system, i.e. mechanical and optical losses as well as optomechanical interaction, and obtain a quantum cooperativity of $C_Q = 0.01$. Based on the presented performance the regime of strong cooperativity ($C_Q > 1$) is clearly within reach by further decreasing the mode volume of the cavity.
Single-crystal diamond cavity optomechanical devices are a promising example of a hybrid quantum system: by coupling mechanical resonances to both light and electron spins, they can enable new ways for photons to control solid state qubits. However, realizing cavity optomechanical devices from high quality diamond chips has been an outstanding challenge. Here we demonstrate single-crystal diamond cavity optomechanical devices that can enable photon-phonon-spin coupling. Cavity optomechanical coupling to $2,text{GHz}$ frequency ($f_text{m}$) mechanical resonances is observed. In room temperature ambient conditions, these resonances have a record combination of low dissipation (mechanical quality factor, $Q_text{m} > 9000$) and high frequency, with $Q_text{m}cdot f_text{m} sim 1.9times10^{13}$ sufficient for room temperature single phonon coherence. The system exhibits high optical quality factor ($Q_text{o} > 10^4$) resonances at infrared and visible wavelengths, is nearly sideband resolved, and exhibits optomechanical cooperativity $Csim 3$. The devices potential for optomechanical control of diamond electron spins is demonstrated through radiation pressure excitation of mechanical self-oscillations whose 31 pm amplitude is predicted to provide 0.6 MHz coupling rates to diamond nitrogen vacancy center ground state transitions (6 Hz / phonon), and $sim10^5$ stronger coupling rates to excited state transitions.
We study the cavity mode frequencies of a Fabry-Perot cavity containing two vibrating dielectric membranes. We derive the equations for the mode resonances and provide approximate analytical solutions for them as a function of the membrane positions, which act as an excellent approximation when the relative and center-of-mass position of the two membranes are much smaller than the cavity length. With these analytical solutions, one finds that extremely large optomechanical coupling of the membrane relative motion can be achieved in the limit of highly reflective membranes when the two membranes are placed very close to a resonance of the inner cavity formed by them. We also study the cavity finesse of the system and verify that, under the conditions of large coupling, it is not appreciably affected by the presence of the two membranes. The achievable large values of the ratio between the optomechanical coupling and the cavity decay rate, $g/kappa$, make this two-membrane system the simplest promising platform for implementing cavity optomechanics in the strong coupling regime.
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