SO(n,n+1)-surface group representations and their Higgs bundles

We study the character variety of representations of the fundamental group of a closed surface of genus $ggeq2$ into the Lie group SO(n,n+1) using Higgs bundles. For each integer $0<dleq n(2g-2),$ we show there is a smooth connected component of the character variety which is diffeomorphic to the product of a certain vector bundle over a symmetric product of a Riemann surface with the vector space of holomorphic differentials of degree 2,4,...,2n-2. In particular, when d=n(2g-2), this recovers Hitchins parameterization of the Hitchin component. We also exhibit $2^{2g+1}-1$ additional connected components of the SO(n,n+1)-character variety and compute their topology. Moreover, representations in all of these new components cannot be continuously deformed to representations with compact Zariski closure. Using recent work of Guichard and Wienhard on positivity, it is shown that each of the representations which define singularities (i.e. those which are not irreducible) in these $2^{2g+1}-1$ connected components are positive Anosov representations.