No Arabic abstract
We give a heuristic method to solve explicitly for an absolutely continuous invariant measure for a piecewise differentiable, expanding map of a compact subset $I$ of Euclidean space $R^d$. The method consists of constructing a skew product family of maps on $Itimes R^d$, which has an attractor. Lebesgue measure is invariant for the skew product family restricted to this attractor. Under reasonable measure theoretic conditions, integration over the fibers gives the desired measure on $I$. Furthermore, the attractor system is then the natural extension of the original map with this measure. We illustrate this method by relating it to various results in the literature.
We compare two families of continued fractions algorithms, the symmetrized Rosen algorithm and the Veech algorithm. Each of these algorithms expands real numbers in terms of certain algebraic integers. We give explicit models of the natural extension of the maps associated with these algorithms; prove that these natural extensions are in fact conjugate to the first return map of the geodesic flow on a related surface; and, deduce that, up to a conjugacy, almost every real number has an infinite number of common approximants for both algorithms.
We give an exponential upper bound on the probabilitywith which the denominator of the $n$th convergent in the regular continued fraction expansion stays away from the mean $frac{npi^2}{12log2}$. The exponential rate is best possible, given by an analytic function related to the dimension spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for the Gauss transformation.
We adjust Arnouxs coding, in terms of regular continued fractions, of the geodesic flow on the modular surface to give a cross section on which the return map is a double cover of the natural extension for the alpha-continued fractions, for each $alpha$ in (0,1]. The argument is sufficiently robust to apply to the Rosen continued fractions and their recently introduced alpha-variants.
We give natural extensions for the alpha-Rosen continued fractions of Dajani et al. for a set of small alpha values by appropriately adding and deleting rectangles from the region of the natural extension for the standard Rosen fractions. It follows that the underlying maps have equal entropy.
We exhibit a method to use continued fractions in function fields to find new families of hyperelliptic curves over the rationals with given torsion order in their Jacobians. To show the utility of the method, we exhibit a new infinite family of curves over $mathbb Q$ with genus two whose Jacobians have torsion order eleven.