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In this paper, we will show methods to interpret some rigid origami with higher degree vertices as the limit case of structures with degree-4 supplementary angle vertices. The interpretation is based on separating each crease into two parallel creases, or emph{double lines}, connected by additional structures at the vertex. We show that double-lin
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Rigid origami, with applications ranging from nano-robots to unfolding solar sails in space, describes when a material is folded along straight crease line segments while keeping the regions between the creases planar. Prior work has found explicit equations for the folding angles of a flat-foldable degree-4 origami vertex. We extend this work to generalized symmetries of the degree-6 vertex where all sector angles equal $60^circ$. We enumerate the different viable rigid folding modes of these degree-6 crease patterns and then use $2^{nd}$-order Taylor expansions and prior rigid folding techniques to find algebraic folding angle relationships between the creases. This allows us to explicitly compute the configuration space of these degree-6 vertices, and in the process we uncover new explanations for the effectiveness of Weierstrass substitutions in modeling rigid origami. These results expand the toolbox of rigid origami mechanisms that engineers and materials scientists may use in origami-inspired designs.
We develop an intrinsic necessary and sufficient condition for single-vertex origami crease patterns to be able to fold rigidly. We classify such patterns in the case where the creases are pre-assigned to be mountains and valleys as well as in the unassigned case. We also illustrate the utility of this result by applying it to the new concept of minimal forcing sets for rigid origami models, which are the smallest collection of creases that, when folded, will force all the other creases to fold in a prescribed way.
A zone diagram is a relatively new concept which was first defined and studied by T. Asano, J. Matousek and T. Tokuyama. It can be interpreted as a state of equilibrium between several mutually hostile kingdoms. Formally, it is a fixed point of a certain mapping. These authors considered the Euclidean plane and proved the existence and uniqueness of zone diagrams there. In the present paper we generalize this concept in various ways. We consider general sites in m-spaces (a simple generalization of metric spaces) and prove several existence and (non)uniqueness results in this setting. In contrast to previous works, our (rather simple) proofs are based on purely order theoretic arguments. Many explicit examples are given, and some of them illustrate new phenomena which occur in the general case. We also re-interpret zone diagrams as a stable configuration in a certain combinatorial game, and provide an algorithm for finding this configuration in a particular case.
Using a mathematical model for self-foldability of rigid origami, we determine which monohedral quadrilateral tilings of the plane are uniquely self-foldable. In particular, the Miura-ori and Chicken Wire patterns are not self-foldable under our definition, but such tilings that are rotationally-symmetric about the midpoints of the tile are uniquely self-foldable.
We consider the zero-energy deformations of periodic origami sheets with generic crease patterns. Using a mapping from the linear folding motions of such sheets to force-bearing modes in conjunction with the Maxwell-Calladine index theorem we derive a relation between the number of linear folding motions and the number of rigid body modes that depends only on the average coordination number of the origamis vertices. This supports the recent result by Tachi which shows periodic origami sheets with triangular faces exhibit two-dimensional spaces of rigidly foldable cylindrical configurations. We also find, through analytical calculation and numerical simulation, branching of this configuration space from the flat state due to geometric compatibility constraints that prohibit finite Gaussian curvature. The same counting argument leads to pairing of spatially varying modes at opposite wavenumber in triangulated origami, preventing topological polarization but permitting a family of zero energy deformations in the bulk that may be used to reconfigure the origami sheet.
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