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Register a new user$CP$ violation in heavy-flavour hadrons
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Greig A. Cowan
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Measurements of $CP$-violating observables in $B$ meson decays can be used to determine the angles of the Unitarity Triangle and hence probe for manifestations of New Physics beyond the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Standard Model paradigm. Of particular interest are precise measurements of the angles $gamma$ and $beta$. Also of great importance are studies of $CP$-violation involving $B_s^0$ mesons, in particular the phase $phi_s$, which is a golden observable in flavour physics at the LHC. Complementary to these studies is the continuing search for direct and indirect $CP$-violation in the charm system, where the experimental precision is now at the $10^{-3}$ level. I will present new and recent results in these topics, and in $CP$-violation searches in baryon decays, with specific emphasis on the measurement programme at the LHC.
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After listing basic properties of the Standard Model (SM) that play the crucial role in the field of flavour and CP violation, we discuss the following topics: 1) CKM matrix and the unitarity triangle. 2) Theoretical framework in a non-technical manner, classifying various extentions of the SM. 3) Particle-Antiparticle mixing and various types of CP violation. 4) Standard analysis of the unitarity triangle. 5) Strategies for the determination of the angles alpha, beta and gamma in non-leptonic B decays. 6) The rare decays K^+ -> pi^+ nu bar nu and K_L -> pi^0 nu bar nu 7) Models with minimal flavour violation (MFV). 8) Models with new complex phases, addressing in particular possible signals of new physics in the B -> pi K data and their implications for rare K and B decays. A personal shopping list for the rest of this decade closes these lectures.
We present the invited lectures given at the Third IDPASC School which took place in Santiago de Compostela in January 2013. The students attending the school had very different backgrounds, some of them were doing their Ph.D. in experimental particle physics, others in theory. As a result, and in order to make the lectures useful for most of the students, we focused on basic topics of broad interest, avoiding the more technical aspects of Flavour Physics and CP Violation. We make a brief review of the Standard Model, paying special attention to the generation of fermion masses and mixing, as well as to CP violation. We describe some of the simplest extensions of the SM, emphasising novel flavour aspects which arise in their framework.
We consider a class of models predicting new heavy neutral fermionic states, whose mixing with the light neutrinos can be naturally significant and produce observable effects below the threshold for their production. We update the indirect limits on the flavour non-diagonal mixing parameters that can be derived from unitarity, and show that significant rates are in general expected for one-loop-induced rare processes due to the exchange of virtual heavy neutrinos, involving the violation of the muon and electron lepton numbers. In particular, the amplitudes for $mu$--$e$ conversion in nuclei and for $muto ee^+e^-$ show a non-decoupling quadratic dependence on the heavy neutrino mass $M$, while $muto egamma$ is almost independent of the heavy scale above the electroweak scale. These three processes are then used to set stringent constraints on the flavour-violating mixing angles. In all the cases considered, we point out explicitly that the non-decoupling behaviour is strictly related to the spontaneous breaking of the SU(2) symmetry.
I report some recent results on direct CP violation measurements in hadronic decays collected by the upgraded Collider Detector (CDF II) at the Fermilab Tevatron: CP-violating asymmetries in the two-body non-leptonic charmless decays of $b$-hadrons, the first reconstruction in hadron collisions of the suppressed decays $B^- to D(to K^+pi^-)K^-$ and $B^- to D(to K^+pi^-)pi^-$, and the measurement of TP asymmetries in the $B^{0}_{s} to phi phi$ decays.
Study of CP violation in the decay channel Bs->J/psi phi is essential to exploring and constraining physics beyond the Standard Model in the quark flavour sector. The experimental progress in this area of activity at the LHC and Tevatron is discussed.
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