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Register a new userA method to adjust the impedance of the transmission line in a Multi-Strip Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Counter
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While in a triggered experiment the matching of the RPC transmission line impedance with the one of the front-end electronics is less critical, for a trigger-less data recording this becomes mandatory. As expected, impedance matching is not straightforward when other requirements in terms of time and position resolutions, efficiency and granularity, have to be fulfilled in the same time. A method and the very first results obtained with a RPC prototype built based on it, presented in this paper, show that the impedance matching, independent of its granularity, can be achieved using an innovative architecture of the RPC.
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A prototype of Multi-strip Multi-gap Resistive Plate chamber (MMRPC) with active area 40 cm $times$ 20 cm has been developed at SINP, Kolkata. Detailed response of the developed detector was studied with the pulsed electron beam from ELBE at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. In this report the response of SINP developed MMRPC with different controlling parameters is described in details. The obtained time resolution ($sigma_t$) of the detector after slew correction was 91.5$ pm $3 ps. Position resolution measured along ($sigma_x$) and across ($sigma_y$) the strip was 2.8$pm$0.6 cm and 0.58 cm, respectively. The measured absolute efficiency of the detector for minimum ionizing particle like electron was 95.8$pm$1.3 $%$. Better timing resolution of the detector can be achieved by restricting the events to a single strip. The response of the detector was mainly in avalanche mode but a few percentage of streamer mode response was also observed. A comparison of the response of these two modes with trigger rate was studied
Detailed tests and analysis of ageing effects of high irradiation dose on Multi-Strip Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Counters based on low resistivity glass electrodes were performed. MSMGRPC efficiency and cluster size before irradiation are measured and compared with their values after irradiation in a high irradiation dose accessed at a multi-purpose irradiation facility of IFIN-HH based on $^{60}$Co source. The composition and properties of the deposited layers on the glass electrodes, studied based on a multitude of analysis methods, i.e. SEM, XPS, foil-ERDA, RBS, AFM and THz-TDS, are presented.
The Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) is an advanced form of Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detector where the gas gap is divided into sub-gaps. MRPCs are known for their good time resolution and detection efficiency for charged particles. They have found suitable applications in several high energy physics experiments like ALICE in LHC, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, and STAR in RHIC, BNL, USA. As they have very good time resolution and are of low cost, they can be a suitable replacement for very expensive scintillators used in Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. The MRPCs that are being used nowadays are developed with glass electrodes. We have made an attempt to develop a 6-gap MRPC using bakelite electrodes. The outer electrodes are of dimensions 15 cm $times$ 15 cm $times$ 0.3 cm and the inner electrodes are of dimension 14 cm $times$ 14 cm $times$ 0.05 cm. The glossy finished electrode surfaces have not been treated with any oil like linseed, silicone for smoothness. The performance of the detector has been studied measuring the efficiency, noise rate and time resolution with cosmic rays. This effort is towards the development of a prototype for Positron Emission Tomography with the Time-Of-Flight technique using MRPCs. Details of the development procedure and performance studies have been presented here.
A new kind of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) has been built for the large-area Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) for the STAR experiment at RHIC. These long read-out strip MRPCs (LMRPCs) have an active area of 87.0 x 17.0 cm2 and ten 250 um-thick gas gaps arranged as a double stack. Each read-out strip is 2.5 cm wide and 90 cm long. The signals are read-out at both ends of each strip. Cosmic ray tests indicate a time resolution of ~70 ps and a detection efficiency of greater than 95%. Beam tests performed at T963 at Fermilab indicate a time resolution of 60-70 ps and a spatial resolution of ~1 cm along the strip direction.
We have systematically studied the transmission of electrical signals along several 2-strip Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) in the frequency range $f=0.1-3.5$GHz. Such a range was chosen to fully cover the bandwidth associated to the very short rise-times of signals originated in RPCs used for sub-100ps timing applications. This work conveys experimental evidence of the dominant role of modal dispersion in counters built at the 1 meter scale, a fact that results in large cross-talk levels and strong signal shaping. It is shown that modal dispersion appears in RPCs due to the intrinsic unbalance between the capacitive and the inductive coupling $C_m/C_o eq L_m/L_o$. A practical way to restore this symmetry has been introduced (hereafter `electrostatic compensation), allowing for a cross-talk suppression factor of around $times 12$ and a rise-time reduction by 200ps. Under conditions of compensation the signal transmission is only limited by dielectric losses, yielding a length-dependent cutoff frequency of around 1GHz per 2 meter for typical float glass -based RPCs ($tan delta|_{glass} = 0.025pm0.005$). It is further shown that `electrostatic compensation can be achieved for an arbitrary number of strips as long as the nature of the coupling is `short-range, that is an almost exact assumption for typical strip-line RPCs. Evidence for deviations from the dominant TEM propagation mode has been observed, although they seem to have negligible influence in practical signal observables. This work extends the bandwidth of previous studies by a factor of almost $times 20$.
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