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We introduce a game related to the $I_{3322}$ game and analyze a constrained value function for this game over various families of synchronous quantum probability densities.
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Recently, W. Slofstra proved that the set of quantum correlations is not closed. We prove that the set of synchronous quantum correlations is not closed, which implies his result, by giving an example of a synchronous game that has a perfect quantum approximate strategy but no perfect quantum strategy. We also exhibit a graph for which the quantum independence number and the quantum approximate independence number are different. We prove new characterisations of synchronous quantum approximate correlations and synchronous quantum spatial correlations. We solve the synchronous approximation problem of Dykema and the second author, which yields a new equivalence of Connes embedding problem in terms of synchronous correlations.
The Data Processing Inequality (DPI) says that the Umegaki relative entropy $S(rho||sigma) := {rm Tr}[rho(log rho - log sigma)]$ is non-increasing under the action of completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps. Let ${mathcal M}$ be a finite dimensional von Neumann algebra and ${mathcal N}$ a von Neumann subalgebra if it. Let ${mathcal E}_tau$ be the tracial conditional expectation from ${mathcal M}$ onto ${mathcal N}$. For density matrices $rho$ and $sigma$ in ${mathcal N}$, let $rho_{mathcal N} := {mathcal E}_tau rho$ and $sigma_{mathcal N} := {mathcal E}_tau sigma$. Since ${mathcal E}_tau$ is CPTP, the DPI says that $S(rho||sigma) geq S(rho_{mathcal N}||sigma_{mathcal N})$, and the general case is readily deduced from this. A theorem of Petz says that there is equality if and only if $sigma = {mathcal R}_rho(sigma_{mathcal N} )$, where ${mathcal R}_rho$ is the Petz recovery map, which is dual to the Accardi-Cecchini coarse graining operator ${mathcal A}_rho$ from ${mathcal M} $ to ${mathcal N} $. In it simplest form, our bound is $$S(rho||sigma) - S(rho_{mathcal N} ||sigma_{mathcal N} ) geq left(frac{1}{8pi}right)^{4} |Delta_{sigma,rho}|^{-2} | {mathcal R}_{rho_{mathcal N}} -sigma|_1^4 $$ where $Delta_{sigma,rho}$ is the relative modular operator. We also prove related results for various quasi-relative entropies. Explicitly describing the solutions set of the Petz equation $sigma = {mathcal R}_rho(sigma_{mathcal N} )$ amounts to determining the set of fixed points of the Accardi-Cecchini coarse graining map. Building on previous work, we provide a throughly detailed description of the set of solutions of the Petz equation, and obtain all of our results in a simple self, contained manner.
We investigate the modeling capabilities of sets of coupled classical harmonic oscillators (CHO) in the form of a modeling game. The application of simple but restrictive rules of the game lead to conditions for an isomorphism between Lie-algebras and real Clifford algebras. We show that the correlations between two coupled classical oscillators find their natural description in the Dirac algebra and allow to model aspects of special relativity, inertial motion, electromagnetism and quantum phenomena including spin in one go. The algebraic properties of Hamiltonian motion of low-dimensional systems can generally be related to certain types of interactions and hence to the dimensionality of emergent space-times. We describe the intrinsic connection between phase space volumes of a 2-dimensional oscillator and the Dirac algebra. In this version of a phase space interpretation of quantum mechanics the (components of the) spinor wave-function in momentum space are abstract canonical coordinates, and the integrals over the squared wave function represents second moments in phase space. The wave function in ordinary space-time can be obtained via Fourier transformation. Within this modeling game, 3+1-dimensional space-time is interpreted as a structural property of electromagnetic interaction. A generalization selects a series of Clifford algebras of specific dimensions with similar properties, specifically also 10- and 26-dimensional real Clifford algebras.
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We give a brief introduction to private quantum codes, a basic notion in quantum cryptography and key distribution. Private code states are characterized by indistinguishability of their output states under the action of a quantum channel, and we show that higher rank numerical ranges can be used to describe them. We also show how this description arises naturally via conjugate channels and the bridge between quantum error correction and cryptography.
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