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Register a new userModeling Musical Context with Word2vec
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Added by
Dorien Herremans
Publication date
2017
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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We present a semantic vector space model for capturing complex polyphonic musical context. A word2vec model based on a skip-gram representation with negative sampling was used to model slices of music from a dataset of Beethovens piano sonatas. A visualization of the reduced vector space using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding shows that the resulting embedded vector space captures tonal relationships, even without any explicit information about the musical contents of the slices. Secondly, an excerpt of the Moonlight Sonata from Beethoven was altered by replacing slices based on context similarity. The resulting music shows that the selected slice based on similar word2vec context also has a relatively short tonal distance from the original slice.
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We explore the potential of a popular distributional semantics vector space model, word2vec, for capturing meaningful relationships in ecological (complex polyphonic) music. More precisely, the skip-gram version of word2vec is used to model slices of music from a large corpus spanning eight musical genres. In this newly learned vector space, a metric based on cosine distance is able to distinguish between functional chord relationships, as well as harmonic associations in the music. Evidence, based on cosine distance between chord-pair vectors, suggests that an implicit circle-of-fifths exists in the vector space. In addition, a comparison between pieces in different keys reveals that key relationships are represented in word2vec space. These results suggest that the newly learned embedded vector representation does in fact capture tonal and harmonic characteristics of music, without receiving explicit information about the musical content of the constituent slices. In order to investigate whether proximity in the discovered space of embeddings is indicative of `semantically-related slices, we explore a music generation task, by automatically replacing existing slices from a given piece of music with new slices. We propose an algorithm to find substitute slices based on spatial proximity and the pitch class distribution inferred in the chosen subspace. The results indicate that the size of the subspace used has a significant effect on whether slices belonging to the same key are selected. In sum, the proposed word2vec model is able to learn music-vector embeddings that capture meaningful tonal and harmonic relationships in music, thereby providing a useful tool for exploring musical properties and comparisons across pieces, as a potential input representation for deep learning models, and as a music generation device.
We here summarize our experience running a challenge with open data for musical genre recognition. Those notes motivate the task and the challenge design, show some statistics about the submissions, and present the results.
A new musical instrument classification method using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is presented in this paper. Unlike the traditional methods, we investigated a scheme for classifying musical instruments using the learned features from CNNs. To create the learned features from CNNs, we not only used a conventional spectrogram image, but also proposed multiresolution recurrence plots (MRPs) that contain the phase information of a raw input signal. Consequently, we fed the characteristic timbre of the particular instrument into a neural network, which cannot be extracted using a phase-blinded representations such as a spectrogram. By combining our proposed MRPs and spectrogram images with a multi-column network, the performance of our proposed classifier system improves over a system that uses only a spectrogram. Furthermore, the proposed classifier also outperforms the baseline result from traditional handcrafted features and classifiers.
In this paper, we propose an efficient and reproducible deep learning model for musical onset detection (MOD). We first review the state-of-the-art deep learning models for MOD, and identify their shortcomings and challenges: (i) the lack of hyper-parameter tuning details, (ii) the non-availability of code for training models on other datasets, and (iii) ignoring the network capability when comparing different architectures. Taking the above issues into account, we experiment with seven deep learning architectures. The most efficient one achieves equivalent performance to our implementation of the state-of-the-art architecture. However, it has only 28.3% of the total number of trainable parameters compared to the state-of-the-art. Our experiments are conducted using two different datasets: one mainly consists of instrumental music excerpts, and another developed by ourselves includes only solo singing voice excerpts. Further, inter-dataset transfer learning experiments are conducted. The results show that the model pre-trained on one dataset fails to detect onsets on another dataset, which denotes the importance of providing the implementation code to enable re-training the model for a different dataset. Datasets, code and a Jupyter notebook running on Google Colab are publicly available to make this research understandable and easy to reproduce.
Musical onset detection can be formulated as a time-to-event (TTE) or time-since-event (TSE) prediction task by defining music as a sequence of onset events. Here we propose a novel method to model the probability of onsets by introducing a sequential density prediction model. The proposed model estimates TTE & TSE distributions from mel-spectrograms using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a density predictor. We evaluate our model on the Bock dataset show-ing comparable results to previous deep-learning models.
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