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Register a new userPhysics Opportunities with the FCC-hh Injectors
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Scientific Information Service CERN
Publication date
2017
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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In this chapter we explore a few examples of physics opportunities using the existing chain of accelerators at CERN, including potential upgrades. In this context the LHC ring is also considered as a part of the injector system. The objective is to find examples that constitute sensitive probes of New Physics that ideally cannot be done elsewhere or can be done significantly better at theCERN accelerator complex. Some of these physics opportunities may require a more flexible injector complex with additional functionality than that just needed to inject protons into the FCC-hh at the right energy, intensity and bunch structure. Therefore it is timely to discuss these options concurrently with the conceptual design of the FCC-hh injector system.
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The Future Circular Collider study is exploring possible designs of circular colliders for the post-LHC era, as recommended by the European Strategy Group for High Energy Physics. One such option is FCC-hh, a proton-proton collider with a centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV. The experimental insertion regions are key areas defining the performance of the collider. This paper presents the first insertion region designs with a complete assessment of the main challenges, as collision debris with two orders of magnitude larger power than current colliders, beam-beam interactions in long insertions, dynamic aperture for optics with peak $beta$ functions one order of magnitude above current colliders, photon background from synchrotron radiation and cross talk between the insertion regions. An alternative design avoiding the use of crab cavities with a small impact on performance is also presented.
In the Hadron machine option, proposed in the context of the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) study, the dipole field quality is expected to play an important role, as in the LHC. A preliminary evaluation of the field quality of dipoles, based on the Nb$_{3}$Sn technology, has been provided by the magnet group. The effect of these field imperfections on the dynamic aperture, using the present lattice design, is presented and first tolerances on the b$_3$ and b$_5$ multipole components are evaluated.
The future 100 TeV FCC-hh hadron collider will give access to rare but clean final states which are out of reach of the HL-LHC. One such process is the $Zh$ production channel in the $( ubar{ u} / ell^{+}ell^{-})gammagamma$ final states. We study the sensitivity of this channel to the $mathcal{O}_{varphi q}^{(1)}$, $mathcal{O}_{varphi q}^{(3)}$, $mathcal{O}_{varphi u}$, and $mathcal{O}_{varphi d}$ SMEFT operators, which parametrize deviations of the $W$ and $Z$ couplings to quarks, or, equivalently, anomalous trilinear gauge couplings (aTGC). While our analysis shows that good sensitivity is only achievable for $mathcal{O}_{varphi q}^{(3)}$, we demonstrate that binning in the $Zh$ rapidity has the potential to improve the reach on $mathcal{O}_{varphi q}^{(1)}$. Our estimated bounds are one order of magnitude better than projections at HL-LHC and is better than global fits at future lepton colliders. The sensitivity to $mathcal{O}_{varphi q}^{(3)}$ is competitive with other channels that could probe the same operator at FCC-hh. Therefore, combining the different diboson channels sizeably improves the bound on $mathcal{O}_{varphi q}^{(3)}$, reaching a precision of $|delta g_{1z}| lesssim 2 times 10^{-4}$ on the deviations in the $ZWW$ interactions.
In the context of design studies for future $pp$ colliders, we present a set of predictions for average soft-QCD event properties for $pp$ collisions at $E_mathrm{CM} = 14$, $27$, and $100$ TeV. The current default Monash 2013 tune of the PYTHIA 8.2 event generator is used as the baseline for the extrapolations, with uncertainties evaluated via variations of cross-section parametrisations, PDFs, MPI energy-scaling parameters, and colour-reconnection modelling, subject to current LHC constraints. The observables included in the study are total and inelastic cross sections, inelastic average energy and track densities per unit pseudorapidity (inside $|eta|le 6$), average track $p_perp$, and jet cross sections for 50- and 100-GeV anti-$k_T$ jets with $Delta R=0.4$, using aMC@NLO in conjunction with PYTHIA 8 for the latter.
The future proton-proton collider (FCC-hh) will deliver collisions at a center of mass energy up to $sqrt{s}=100$ TeV at an unprecedented instantaneous luminosity of $L=3~10^{35}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, resulting in extremely challenging radiation and luminosity conditions. By delivering an integrated luminosity of few tens of ab$^{-1}$, the FCC-hh will provide an unrivalled discovery potential for new physics. Requiring high sensitivity for resonant searches at masses up to tens of TeV imposes strong constraints on the design of the calorimeters. Resonant searches in final states containing jets, taus and electrons require both excellent energy resolution at multi-TeV energies as well as outstanding ability to resolve highly collimated decay products resulting from extreme boosts. In addition, the FCC-hh provides the unique opportunity to precisely measure the Higgs self-coupling in the di-photon and b-jets channel. Excellent photon and jet energy resolution at low energies as well as excellent angular resolution for pion background rejection are required in this challenging environment. This report describes the calorimeter studies for a multi-purpose detector at the FCC-hh. The calorimeter active components consist of Liquid Argon, scintillating plastic tiles and Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors technologies. The technological choices, design considerations and achieved performances in full Geant4 simulations are discussed and presented. The simulation studies are focused on the evaluation of the concepts. Standalone studies under laboratory conditions as well as first tests in realistic FCC-hh environment, including pileup rejection capabilities by making use of fast signals and high granularity, have been performed. These studies have been performed within the context of the preparation of the FCC conceptual design reports (CDRs).
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