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Register a new userDistribution of the number of particles in the final state of hadron-nucleus collisions
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Recently, Liou, Mueller and Munier have argued that proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC may give access to the full statistics of the event-by-event fluctuations of the gluon density in the proton. Indeed, the number of particles produced in an event in rapidity slices in the fragmentation region of the proton may, under some well-defined assumptions, be directly related to the number of gluons which have a transverse momentum larger than the nuclear saturation scale present in the proton at the time of the interaction with the nucleus. A first calculation of the probability distribution of the number of gluons in a hadron was performed, using the color dipole model. In this talk, we review this proposal, and present preliminary numerical calculations which support the analytical results obtained so far.
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We argue that as the atomic number of the target nucleus $A to infty$, the multiplicity of leading particles in hadron-nucleus collisions tends to a finite limit. The limiting multiplicities for various particle production are computed for both proton and pion projectiles. Signatures at finite A are discussed. Data from 100 GeV/c central hadron-nucleus collisions are analyzed and found to be in qualitative agreement with this picture.
The energy dependence of light and heavy particle production in hadron-nucleus collisions is discussed. Whereas the production mechanism at lower energies can be understood in the Glauber rescattering picture, experimental data at RHIC indicate that particles are mostly produced in coherent processes. The importance of energy-momentum conservation is shown to be crucial at forward rapidities for the whole energy range. We also discuss the behaviour of $alpha (x_F)$ with energy for light particles and $J/psi$. Finally, we make predictions for the future LHC experiment.
We discuss the multiplicity distribution for highest accessible energies of $pp$- and $bar pp$- interactions from the point of view of the multiparton collisions. The inelastic cross sections for the single, $sigma_1$, and multiple (double and, presumably, triple, $sigma_{2+3}$) parton collisions are extracted from the analysis of the experimental data on the multiplicity distribution up to the Tevatron energies. It follows that $sigma_1$ becomes energy independent while $sigma_{2+3}$ increases with $sqrt{s}$ for $sqrt{s}ge$ 200 GeV. The observed growth of $<p_{perp}>$ with multiplicity is attributed to the increasing role of multiparton collisions for the high energy $bar pp(pp)$- inelastic interactions.
Predictions on fluctuations of hadron production properties in central heavy ion collisions are presented. They are based on the Statistical Model of the Early Stage and extend previously published results by considering the strongly intensive measures of fluctuations. In several of the considered cases a significant change in collision energy dependence of calculated quantities as a result of the phase transition is predicted. This provides an opportunity to observe new signals of the onset of deconfinement in heavy ion collisions experiments.
In the framework of the modified FRITIOF model, the inclusive spectra of the cumulative $pi ^0$-, $pi ^- $-mesons and protons produced in the nucleus-nucleus interactions at 4.5 GeV/c/nucleon and 4.2 GeV/c/nucleon are calculated. It is shown that the model reproduces qualitatively, and in some cases quantitatively the main experimental regularities of $pi$-mesons production, and soft part of the proton spectra. According to the model the production of the cumulative particles is connected with the mechanism of the soft nucleon-nucleon interaction.
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