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Register a new userNew Physics in $b rightarrow s mu^+ mu^-$: Distinguishing Models through CP-Violating Effects
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At present, there are several measurements of $B$ decays that exhibit discrepancies with the predictions of the SM, and suggest the presence of new physics (NP) in $b to s mu^+ mu^-$ transitions. Many NP models have been proposed as explanations. These involve the tree-level exchange of a leptoquark (LQ) or a flavor-changing $Z$ boson. In this paper we examine whether it is possible to distinguish the various models via CP-violating effects in $B to K^{(*)} mu^+ mu^-$. Using fits to the data, we find the following results. Of all possible LQ models, only three can explain the data, and these are all equivalent as far as $b to s mu^+ mu^-$ processes are concerned. In this single LQ model, the weak phase of the coupling can be large, leading to some sizeable CP asymmetries in $B to K^{(*)} mu^+ mu^-$. There is a spectrum of $Z$ models; the key parameter is $g_L^{mumu}$, which describes the strength of the $Z$ coupling to $mu^+mu^-$. If $g_L^{mumu}$ is small (large), the constraints from $B^0_s$-${bar B}^0_s$ mixing are stringent (weak), leading to a small (large) value of the NP weak phase, and corresponding small (large) CP asymmetries. We therefore find that the measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in $B to K^{(*)} mu^+ mu^-$ can indeed distinguish among NP $b to s mu^+ mu^-$ models
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Transitions of the type $b to s l^+ l^-$ are flavour changing neutral current processes where new physics can enter in competing loop diagrams with respect to the Standard Model contributions. In these decays several observables sensitive to new physics, and where theoretical uncertainties are under control, can be constructed. Particularly interesting are the angular asymmetries in the decay $B_d to K^* mu^+ mu^-$ and the measurement of the branching fraction of the decays $B_{s,d} to mu^+ mu^-$. Recent measurements of these observables and the measurement of the isospin asymmetry in the decays $B to K^{(*)} mu^+ mu^-$ are presented.
The recent measurement of $R_{K^*}$ is yet another hint of new physics (NP), and supports the idea that it is present in $bto smu^+mu^-$ decays. We perform a combined model-independent and model-dependent analysis in order to deduce properties of this NP. Like others, we find that the NP must obey one of two scenarios: (I) $C_9^{mumu}({rm NP}) < 0$ or (II) $C_9^{mumu}({rm NP}) = - C_{10}^{mumu}({rm NP}) < 0$. A third scenario, (III) $C_9^{mumu}({rm NP}) = - C_{9}^{prime mumu}({rm NP})$, is rejected largely because it predicts $R_K = 1$, in disagreement with experiment. The simplest NP models involve the tree-level exchange of a leptoquark (LQ) or a $Z$ boson. We show that scenario (II) can arise in LQ or $Z$ models, but scenario (I) is only possible with a $Z$. Fits to $Z$ models must take into account the additional constraints from $B^0_s$-${bar B}^0_s$ mixing and neutrino trident production. Although the LQs must be heavy, O(TeV), we find that the $Z$ can be light, e.g., $M_{Z} = 10$ GeV or 200 MeV.
Contributions to B - bar B mixing from physics beyond the standard model may be detected from CP-violating asymmetries in B decays. There exists the possibility of large new contributions that cannot be detected by first generation experiments because of a discrete ambiguity. Some possible strategies for resolving this are discussed.
Rare leptonic decays of $B_{(s)}^0$ mesons are sensitive probes of New Physics effects. A combination of the CMS and LHCb analyses on the search of the rare decays $B_{s}^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-$ and $B^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-$ is presented. The branching fractions of $B_{s}^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-$ and $B^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-$ are measured to be $mathcal{B}(B_{s}^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-) = (2.8 ,^{+0.7}_{-0.6}) times 10^{-9}$ and $mathcal{B}(B^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-) = (3.9 ,^{+1.6}_{-1.4}) times 10^{-10}$ respectively. A statistical significances of $6.2,sigma$ is evaluated for $B_{s}^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-$ from the Wilks theorem while a significance of $3.0, sigma$ is measured for $B^0 rightarrow mu^+mu^-$ from the Feldman-Cousins procedure.
oindent A search for the decays $B^0_{s}rightarrow mu^+ mu^- mu^+ mu^-$ and $B^0 rightarrow mu^+ mu^- mu^+ mu^-$ is performed using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0ensuremath{{,fb}^{-1}}xspace, collected with the LHCb detector in 2011. The number of candidates observed is consistent with the expected background and, assuming phase-space models of the decays, limits on the branching fractions are set: {${ensuremath{cal B}xspace}(B^0_{s}rightarrow mu^+ mu^- mu^+ mu^-) < 1.6 (1.2) times 10^{-8}$} and {${ensuremath{cal B}xspace}(B^0 rightarrow mu^+ mu^- mu^+ mu^-)< 6.6 (5.3) times 10^{-9}$} at 95,% (90,%) confidence level. In addition, limits are set in the context of a supersymmetric model which allows for the $B^0_{(s)}$ meson to decay into a scalar ($S$) and pseudoscalar particle ($P$), where $S$ and $P$ have masses of 2.5 GeV and 214.3 MeV, respectively, both resonances decay into $mu^+mu^-$. The branching fraction limits for these decays are {${ensuremath{cal B}xspace}(ensuremath{B^0_{s}rightarrow SP}xspace) < 1.6 (1.2) times 10^{-8}$} and {${ensuremath{cal B}xspace}(ensuremath{B^0rightarrow SP}xspace)< 6.3 (5.1) times 10^{-9}$} at 95% (90%) confidence level.
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