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Register a new userAn algorithm for the reconstruction of high-energy neutrino-induced particle showers and its application to the ANTARES neutrino telescope
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A novel algorithm to reconstruct neutrino-induced particle showers within the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. The method achieves a median angular resolution of $6^circ$ for shower energies below 100 TeV. Applying this algorithm to 6 years of data taken with the ANTARES detector, 8 events with reconstructed shower energies above 10 TeV are observed. This is consistent with the expectation of about 5 events from atmospheric backgrounds, but also compatible with diffuse astrophysical flux measurements by the IceCube collaboration, from which 2 - 4 additional events are expected. A 90% C.L. upper limit on the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux with a value per neutrino flavour of $E^2cdot Phi^{90%} = 4.9 cdot 10^{-8}$ GeV $cdot$ cm$^{-2} cdot$ s$^{-1} cdot$ sr$^{-1}$ is set, applicable to the energy range from 23 TeV to 7.8 PeV, assuming an unbroken $E^{-2}$ spectrum and neutrino flavour equipartition at Earth.
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Muons created by $ u_mu$ charged current (CC) interactions in the water surrounding the ANTARES neutrino telescope have been almost exclusively used so far in searches for cosmic neutrino sources. Due to their long range, highly energetic muons inducing Cherenkov radiation in the water are reconstructed with dedicated algorithms that allow the determination of the parent neutrino direction with a median angular resolution of about unit{0.4}{degree} for an $E^{-2}$ neutrino spectrum. In this paper, an algorithm optimised for accurate reconstruction of energy and direction of shower events in the ANTARES detector is presented. Hadronic showers of electrically charged particles are produced by the disintegration of the nucleus both in CC and neutral current (NC) interactions of neutrinos in water. In addition, electromagnetic showers result from the CC interactions of electron neutrinos while the decay of a tau lepton produced in $ u_tau$ CC interactions will in most cases lead to either a hadronic or an electromagnetic shower. A shower can be approximated as a point source of photons. With the presented method, the shower position is reconstructed with a precision of about unit{1}{metre}, the neutrino direction is reconstructed with a median angular resolution between unit{2}{degree} and unit{3}{degree} in the energy range of SIrange{1}{1000}{TeV}. In this energy interval, the uncertainty on the reconstructed neutrino energy is about SIrange{5}{10}{%}. The increase in the detector sensitivity due to the use of additional information from shower events in the searches for a cosmic neutrino flux is also presented.
An algorithm is presented, that provides a fast and robust reconstruction of neutrino induced upward-going muons and a discrimination of these events from downward-going atmospheric muon background in data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope. The algorithm consists of a hit merging and hit selection procedure followed by fitting steps for a track hypothesis and a point-like light source. It is particularly well-suited for real time applications such as online monitoring and fast triggering of optical follow-up observations for multi-messenger studies. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations and various distributions are compared with that obtained in ANTARES data.
ANTARES is the largest high-energy neutrino telescope in the Northern Hemisphere. This contribution presents the results of a search, based on the ANTARES data collected over 17 months between November 2014 and April 2016, for high energy neutrino emission in coincidence with TeV $gamma$-ray flares from Markarian 421 and Markarian 501, two bright BL Lac extragalactic sources highly variable in flux, detected by the HAWC observatory. The analysis is based on an unbinned likelihood-ratio maximization method. The $gamma$-ray lightcurves (LC) for each source were used to search for temporally correlated neutrinos, that would be produced in pp or p-$gamma$ interactions. The impact of different flare selection criteria on the discovery neutrino flux is discussed. Plausible neutrino spectra derived from the observed $gamma$-ray spectra in addition to generic spectra $E^{-2}$ and $E^{-2.5}$ are tested.
A search for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos, using data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. A $(0.83times 2pi)$ sr sky was monitored for a total of 334 days of equivalent live time. The searched signal corresponds to an excess of events, produced by astrophysical sources, over the expected atmospheric neutrino background. The observed number of events is found compatible with the background expectation. Assuming an $E^{-2}$ flux spectrum, a 90% c.l. upper limit on the diffuse $ u_mu$ flux of $E^2Phi_{90%} = 5.3 times 10^{-8} mathrm{GeV cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1}} $ in the energy range 20 TeV - 2.5 PeV is obtained. Other signal models with different energy spectra are also tested and some rejected.
We report on the search for neutrino-induced particle-showers, so-called cascades, in the IceCube-40 detector. The data for this search was collected between April 2008 and May 2009 when the first 40 IceCube strings were deployed and operational. Three complementary searches were performed, each optimized for different energy regimes. The analysis with the lowest energy threshold (2 TeV) targeted atmospheric neutrinos. A total of 67 events were found, consistent with the expectation of 41 atmospheric muons and 30 atmospheric neutrino events. The two other analyses targeted a harder, astrophysical neutrino flux. The analysis with an intermediate threshold of 25 TeV lead to the observation of 14 cascade-like events, again consistent with the prediction of 3.0 atmospheric neutrino and 7.7 atmospheric muon events. We hence set an upper limit of $E^2 Phi_{lim} leq 7.46times10^{-8},mathrm{GeV sr^{-1} s^{-1} cm^{-2}}$ (90% C.L.) on the diffuse flux from astrophysical neutrinos of all neutrino flavors, applicable to the energy range 25 TeV to 5 PeV, assuming an $E_{ u}^{-2}$ spectrum and a neutrino flavor ratio of 1:1:1 at the Earth. The third analysis utilized a larger and optimized sample of atmospheric muon background simulation, leading to a higher energy threshold of 100 TeV. Three events were found over a background prediction of 0.04 atmospheric muon events and 0.21 events from the flux of conventional and prompt atmospheric neutrinos. Including systematic errors this corresponds to a $2.7sigma$ excess with respect to the background-only hypothesis. Our observation of neutrino event candidates above 100 TeV complements IceCubes recently observed evidence for high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.
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