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Register a new userMissing magnetism in Sr$_{4}$Ru$_{3}$O$_{10}$: Indication for Antisymmetric Exchange Interaction
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We report a detailed study of the magnetization modulus as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field under varying angle in Sr$_{4}$Ru$_{3}$O$_{10}$ close to the metamagnetic transition at $H_{c}backsimeq 2.5,$T for $H perp c$. We confirm that the double-feature at $H_{c}$ is robust without further splitting for temperatures below 1.8 K down to 0.48 K. The metamagnetism in Sr$_{4}$Ru$_{3}$O$_{10}$ is accompanied by a reduction of the magnetic moment in the plane of rotation and large field-hysteretic behavior. The double anomaly shifts to higher fields by rotating the field from $H,perp ,c$ to $H,parallel,c$. We compare our experimental findings with numerical simulations based on spin reorientation models caused by intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy and Zeeman effect. Crystal anisotropy is able to explain a metamagnetic transition in the ferromagnetic ordered system Sr$_{4}$Ru$_{3}$O$_{10}$, but a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya term is crucial to account for a reduction of the magnetic moment as discovered in the experiments.
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The low-energy electronic structure, including the Fermi surface topology, of the itinerant metamagnet Sr$_{4}$Ru$_{3}$O$_{10}$ is investigated for the first time by synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission. Well-defined quasiparticle band dispersions with matrix element dependencies on photon energy or photon polarization are presented. Four bands crossing the Fermi-level, giving rise to four Fermi surface sheets are resolved; and their complete topography, effective mass as well as their electron and hole character are determined. These data reveal the presence of kink structures in the near-Fermi-level band dispersion, with energies ranging from 30 meV to 69 meV. Together with previously reported Raman spectroscopy and lattice dynamic calculation studies, the data suggest that these kinks originate from strong electron-phonon coupling present in Sr$_{4}$Ru$_{3}$O$_{10}$. Considering that the kink structures of Sr$_{4}$Ru$_{3}$O$_{10}$ are similar to those of the other three members of the Ruddlesden Popper structured ruthenates, the possible universality of strong coupling of electrons to oxygen-related phonons in Sr$_{n+1}$Ru$_{n}$O$_{3n+1}$ compounds is proposed.
Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ru-$L_{2,3}$ edge we reveal that the Ru$^{4+}$ ions remain in the $S$=1 spin state across the rare 4d-orbital ordering transition and spin-gap formation. We find using local spin density approximation + Hubbard U (LSDA+U) band structure calculations that the crystal fields in the low temperature phase are not strong enough to stabilize the $S$=0 state. Instead, we identify a distinct orbital ordering with a significant anisotropy of the antiferromagnetic exchange couplings. We conclude that La$_{4}$Ru$_{2}$O$_{10}$ appears to be a novel material in which the orbital physics drives the formation of spin-singlet dimers in a quasi 2-dimensional $S$=1 system.
Triple-layered ruthenate Sr$_4$Ru$_3$O$_{10}$ shows a first-order itinerant metamagnetic transition for in-plane magnetic fields. Our experiments revealed rather surprising behavior in the low-temperature transport properties near this transition. The in-plane magnetoresistivity $rho$$_{ab}$(H) exhibits ultrasharp steps as the magnetic field sweeps down through the transition. Temperature sweeps of $rho$$_{ab}$ for fields within the transition regime show non-metallic behavior in the up-sweep cycle of magnetic field, but show a significant drop in the down-sweep cycle. These observations indicate that the transition occurs via a new electronic phase separation process; a lowly polarized state is mixed with a ferromagnetic state within the transition regime.
Sr$_4$Ru$_3$O$_{10}$, the $n$ = 3 member of the Ruddlesden-Popper type ruthenate Sr$_{n+1}$Ru$_n$O$_{3n+1}$, is known to exhibit a peculiar metamagnetic transition in an in-plane magnetic field. However, the nature of both the temperature- and field-dependent phase transitions remains as a topic of debate. Here, we have investigated the magnetic transitions of Sr$_4$Ru$_3$O$_{10}$ via single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements. At zero field, we find that the system undergoes a ferromagnetic transition with both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic components at $T_{c}$ ~ 100 K. Below $T^{*}$ ~ 50 K, the magnetic moments incline continuously toward the out-of-plane direction. At $T$ ~ 1.5 K, where the spins are nearly aligned along the $c$ axis, a spin reorientation occurs above a critical field $B_c$, giving rise to a spin component perpendicular to the plane defined by the field direction and the $c$ axis. We suggest that both the temperature- and field-driven spin reorientations are associated with a change in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which is strongly coupled to the lattice degrees of freedom. This study elucidates the long-standing puzzles on the zero-field magnetic orders of Sr$_4$Ru$_3$O$_{10}$ and provides new insights into the nature of the field-induced metamagnetic transition.
Rare $d$-electron derived heavy-fermion properties of the solid-solution series LaCu$_3$Ru$_x$Ti$_{4-x}$O$_{12}$ were studied for $1 leq x leq 4$ by resistivity, susceptibility, specific-heat measurements, and magnetic-resonance techniques. The pure ruthenate ($x = 4$) is a heavy-fermion metal characterized by a resistivity proportional to $T^2$ at low temperatures $T$. The coherent Kondo lattice formed by the localized Ru 4$d$ electrons is screened by the conduction electrons leading to strongly enhanced effective electron masses. By increasing titanium substitution the Kondo lattice becomes diluted resulting in single-ion Kondo properties like in the paradigm $4f$-based heavy-fermion compound Ce$_x$La$_{1-x}$Cu$_{2.05}$Si$_2$ [M. Ocko {em et al.}, Phys. Rev. B textbf{64}, 195106 (2001)]. In LaCu$_3$Ru$_x$Ti$_{4-x}$O$_{12}$ the heavy-fermion behavior finally breaks down on crossing the metal-to-insulator transition close to $x = 2$.
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