Implementing the modal method in the electromagnetic grating diffraction problem delivered by the curvilinear coordinate transformation yields a general analytical solution to the 1D grating diffraction problem in a form of a T-matrix. Simultaneously it is shown that the validity of the Rayleigh expansion is defined by the validity of the modal expansion in a transformed medium delivered by the coordinate transformation.
An analytical method for diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave at periodically-modulated graphene sheet is presented. Both interface corrugation and periodical change in the optical conductivity are considered. Explicit expressions for reflection, transmission, absorption and transformation coefficients in arbitrary diffraction orders are presented. The dispersion relation and decay rates for graphene plasmons of the grating are found. Simple analytical expressions for the value of the band gap in the vicinity of the first Brillouin zone edge is derived. The optimal amplitude and wavelength, guaranteeing the best matching of the incident light with graphene plasmons are found for the conductivity grating. The analytical results are in a good agreement with first-principle numeric simulations.
The Schr{o}dinger equation is solved exactly for some well known potentials. Solutions are obtained reducing the Schr{o}dinger equation into a second order differential equation by using an appropriate coordinate transformation. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to get energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions.
Three objections to the canonical analytical treatment of covariant electromagnetic theory are presented: (i) only half of Maxwells equations are present upon variation of the fundamental Lagrangian; (ii) the trace of the canonical energy-momentum tensor is not equivalent to the trace of the observed energy-momentum tensor; (iii) the Belinfante symmetrization procedure exists separate from the analytical approach in order to obtain the known observed result. It is shown that the analytical construction from Noethers theorem is based on manipulations that were developed to obtain the compact forms of the theory presented by Minkowski and Einstein; presentations which were developed before the existence of Noethers theorem. By reformulating the fundamental Lagrangian, all of the objections are simultaneously relieved. Variation of the proposed Lagrangian yields the complete set of Maxwells equations in the Euler-Lagrange equation of motion, and the observed energy-momentum tensor directly follows from Noethers theorem. Previously unavailable symmetries and identities that follow naturally from this procedure are also discussed.
In this paper we present a framework which provides an analytical (i.e., infinitely differentiable) transformation between spatial coordinates and orbital elements for the solution of the gravitational two-body problem. The formalism omits all singular variables which otherwise would yield discontinuities. This method is based on two simple real functions for which the derivative rules are only required to be known, all other applications -- e.g., calculating the orbital velocities, obtaining the partial derivatives of radial velocity curves with respect to the orbital elements -- are thereafter straightforward. As it is shown, the presented formalism can be applied to find optimal instants for radial velocity measurements in transiting exoplanetary systems to constrain the orbital eccentricity as well as to detect secular variations in the eccentricity or in the longitude of periastron.
We are concerned with the suitability of the main models of compressible fluid dynamics for the Lighthill problem for shock diffraction by a convex corned wedge, by studying the regularity of solutions of the problem, which can be formulated as a free boundary problem. In this paper, we prove that there is no regular solution that is subsonic up to the wedge corner for potential flow. This indicates that, if the solution is subsonic at the wedge corner, at least a characteristic discontinuity (vortex sheet or entropy wave) is expected to be generated, which is consistent with the experimental and computational results. Therefore, the potential flow equation is not suitable for the Lighthill problem so that the compressible Euler system must be considered. In order to achieve the non-existence result, a weak maximum principle for the solution is established, and several other mathematical techniques are developed. The methods and techniques developed here are also useful to the other problems with similar difficulties.
Alexandre V. Tishchenko
,Alexey A. Shcherbakov
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(2017)
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"General analytical solution for the electromagnetic grating diffraction problem"
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Alexey Shcherbakov A.
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