No Arabic abstract
A quantum system inevitably interacts with its surroundings. In general, one does not have detailed information on an environment. Identifying the environmental features can help us to control the environment and its effects on the dynamics of an open system. Here, we consider a tripartite system and introduce a witness for the initial correlations among environments by means of the concept of the trace distance. Due to the existence of the initial environmental correlations, a tight upper bound is obtained for the growth of the trace distance of open quantum system states. Therefore, the initial correlations among the environments subject to particular conditions can be detected by measurements on the open system.
We construct an entanglement witness for many-qubit systems, based on symmetric two-body correlations with two measurement settings. This witness is able to detect the entanglement of some Dicke states for any number of particles, and such detection exhibits some robustness against white noise and thermal noise under the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick Hamiltonian. In addition, it detects the entanglement of spin-squeezed states, with a detection strength that approaches the maximal value for sufficiently large numbers of particles. As spin-squeezed states can be experimentally generated, the properties of the witness with respect to these states may be amenable to experimental investigation. Finally, we show that while the witness is unable to detect GHZ states, it is instead able to detect superpositions of Dicke states with GHZ states.
Fast and reliable reset of a qubit is a key prerequisite for any quantum technology. For real world open quantum systems undergoing non-Markovian dynamics, reset implies not only purification, but in particular erasure of initial correlations between qubit and environment. Here, we derive optimal reset protocols using a combination of geometric and numerical control theory. For factorizing initial states, we find a lower limit for the entropy reduction of the qubit as well as a speed limit. The time-optimal solution is determined by the maximum coupling strength. Initial correlations, remarkably, allow for faster reset and smaller errors. Entanglement is not necessary.
A new criterium to detect the entanglement present in a {it hyperentangled state}, based on the evaluation of an entanglement witness, is presented. We show how some witnesses recently introduced for graph states, measured by only two local settings, can be used in this case. We also define a new witness $W_3$ that improves the resistance to noise by increasing the number of local measurements.
The standard theoretical descriptions of the dynamics of open quantum systems rely on the assumption that the correlations with the environment can be neglected at some reference (initial) time. While being reasonable in specific instances, such as when the coupling between the system and the environment is weak or when the interaction starts at a distinguished time, the use of initially uncorrelated states is questionable if one wants to deal with general models, taking into account the mutual influence that the open-system and environmental evolutions perform on each other. Here, we introduce a perturbative method that can be applied to any microscopic modeling of the system-environment interaction, including fully general initial correlations. Extending the standard technique based on projection operators that single out the relevant part of the global dynamics, we define a family of projections adapted to a convenient decomposition of the initial state, which involves a convex mixture of product operators with proper environmental states. This leads us to characterize the open-system dynamics via an uncoupled system of differential equations, which are homogeneous and whose number is limited by the dimensionality of the open system, for any kind of initial correlations. Our method is further illustrated by means of two cases study, for which it reproduces the expected dynamical behavior in the long-time regime more consistently than the standard projection technique.
We introduce a feasible method of constructing the entanglement witness that detects the genuine entanglement of a given pure multiqubit state. We illustrate our method in the scenario of constructing the witnesses for the multiqubit states that are broadly theoretically and experimentally investigated. It is shown that our method can construct the effective witnesses for experiments. We also investigate the entanglement detection of symmetric states and mixed states.