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Register a new userTopological spin models in Rydberg lattices
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We show that resonant dipole-dipole interactions between Rydberg atoms in a triangular lattice can give rise to artificial magnetic fields for spin excitations. We consider the coherent dipole-dipole coupling between $np$ and $ns$ Rydberg states and derive an effective spin-1/2 Hamiltonian for the $np$ excitations. By breaking time-reversal symmetry via external fields we engineer complex hopping amplitudes for transitions between two rectangular sub-lattices. The phase of these hopping amplitudes depends on the direction of the hop. This gives rise to a staggered, artificial magnetic field which induces non-trivial topological effects. We calculate the single-particle band structure and investigate its Chern numbers as a function of the lattice parameters and the detuning between the two sub-lattices. We identify extended parameter regimes where the Chern number of the lowest band is $C=1$ or $C=2$.
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We develop a formalism for photoionization (PI) and potential energy curves (PECs) of Rydberg atoms in ponderomotive optical lattices and apply it to examples covering several regimes of the optical-lattice depth. The effect of lattice-induced PI on Rydberg-atom lifetime ranges from noticeable to highly dominant when compared with natural decay. The PI behavior is governed by the generally rapid decrease of the PI cross sections as a function of angular-momentum ($ell$), and by lattice-induced $ell$-mixing across the optical-lattice PECs. In GHz-deep lattices, $ell$-mixing leads to a rich PEC structure, and the significant low-$ell$ PI cross sections are distributed over many lattice-mixed Rydberg states. In lattices less than several tens-of-MHz deep, atoms on low-$ell$ PECs are essentially $ell$-mixing-free and maintain large PI cross sections, while atoms on high-$ell$ PECs trend towards being PI-free. Characterization of PI in GHz-deep Rydberg-atom lattices may be beneficial for optical control and quantum-state manipulation of Rydberg atoms, while data on PI in shallower lattices are potentially useful in high-precision spectroscopy and quantum-computing applications of lattice-confined Rydberg atoms.
The dynamics of excitons in a one-dimensional ensemble with partial spatial order are studied. During optical excitation, cold Rydberg atoms spontaneously organize into regular spatial arrangements due to their mutual interactions. This emergent lattice is used as the starting point to study resonant energy transfer triggered by driving a $nS$ to $n^prime P$ transition using a microwave field. The dynamics are probed by detecting the survival probability of atoms in the $nS$ Rydberg state. Experimental data qualitatively agree with our theoretical predictions including the mapping onto XXZ spin model in the strong-driving limit. Our results suggest that emergent Rydberg lattices provide an ideal platform to study coherent energy transfer in structured media without the need for externally imposed potentials.
Long-range dipole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions between pairs of Rydberg atoms are calculated perturbatively for calcium, strontium and ytterbium within the Coulomb approximation. Quantum defects, obtained by fitting existing laser spectroscopic data, are provided for all $S$, $P$, $D$ and $F$ series of strontium and for the $^3P_2$ series of calcium. The results show qualitative differences with the alkali metal atoms, including isotropically attractive interactions of the strontium $^1S_0$ states and a greater rarity of Forster resonances. Only two such resonances are identified, both in triplet series of strontium. The angular dependence of the long range interaction is briefly discussed.
We present quantum mechanical calculations of Auger decay rates for two Rubidium Rydberg atoms with weakly overlapping electron clouds. We neglect exchange effects and consider tensor products of independent atom states forming an approximate basis of the two-electron state space. We consider large sets of two-atom states with randomly chosen quantum numbers and find that the charge overlap between the two Rydberg electrons allows one to characterise the magnitude of the Auger decay rates. If the electron clouds overlap by more than one percent, the Auger decay rates increase approximately exponentially with the charge overlap. This finding is independent of the energy of the initial state.
We experimentally realize Rydberg excitations in Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms loaded into quasi one-dimensional traps and in optical lattices. Our results for condensates expanded to different sizes in the one-dimensional trap agree well with the intuitive picture of a chain of Rydberg excitations. We also find that the Rydberg excitations in the optical lattice do not destroy the phase coherence of the condensate, and our results in that system agree with the picture of localized collective Rydberg excitations including nearest-neighbour blockade.
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