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Register a new userPhysical parameter study of eight W Ursae Majoris-type contact binaries in NGC 188
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We used the newly commissioned 50 cm Binocular Network (50BiN) telescope at Qinghai Station of Purple Mountain Observatory (Chinese Academy of Sciences) to observe the old open cluster NGC 188 in V and R as part of a search for variable objects. Our time-series data span a total of 36 days. Radial velocity and proper-motion selection resulted in a sample of 532 genuine cluster members. Isochrone fitting was applied to the cleaned cluster sequence, yielding a distance modulus of (m - M)0V = 11.35 pm 0.10 mag and a total foreground reddening of E(V - R) = 0.062 pm 0.002 mag. Light-curve solutions were obtained for eight W Ursae Majoris eclipsing-binary systems (W UMas) and their orbital parameters were estimated. Using the latter parameters, we estimate a distance to the W UMas which is independent of the host clusters physical properties. Based on combined fits to six of the W UMas (EP Cep, EQ Cep, ES Cep, V369 Cep, and--for the first time--V370 Cep and V782 Cep), we obtain an average distance modulus of (m - M)0V = 11.31 pm 0.08 mag, which is comparable with that resulting from our isochrone fits. These six W UMas exhibit an obvious period-luminosity relation. We derive more accurate physical parameters for the W UMa systems and discuss their initial masses and ages. The former show that these W UMa systems have likely undergone angular-momentum evolution within a convective envelope (W-type evolution). The ages of the W UMa systems agree well with the clusters age.
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We independently determine the zero-point offset of the Gaia early Data Release-3 (EDR3) parallaxes based on $sim 110,000$ W Ursae Majoris (EW)-type eclipsing binary systems. EWs cover almost the entire sky and are characterized by a relatively complete coverage in magnitude and color. They are an excellent proxy for Galactic main-sequence stars. We derive a $W1$-band Period-Luminosity relation with a distance accuracy of $7.4%$, which we use to anchor the Gaia parallax zero-point. The final, global parallax offsets are $-28.6pm0.6$ $mu$as and $-25.4pm4.0$ $mu$as (before correction) and $4.2pm0.5$ $mu$as and $4.6pm3.7$ $mu$as (after correction) for the five- and six-parameter solutions, respectively. The total systematic uncertainty is $1.8$ $mu$as. The spatial distribution of the parallax offsets shows that the bias in the corrected Gaia EDR3 parallaxes is less than 10 $mu$as across $40%$ of the sky. Only $15%$ of the sky is characterized by a parallax offset greater than 30 $mu$as. Thus, we have provided independent evidence that the parallax zero-point correction provided by the Gaia team significantly reduces the prevailing bias. Combined with literature data, we find that the overall Gaia EDR3 parallax offsets for Galactic stars are $[-20, -30]$ $mu$as and 4-10 $mu$as, respectively, before and after correction. For specific regions, an additional deviation of about 10 $mu$as is found.
We carried out the photometric observations of the SU UMa-type dwarf nova ER UMa during 2011 and 2012, which showed the existence of persistent negative superhumps even during the superoutburst. We performed two-dimensional period analysis of its light curves by using a method called least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and phase dispersion minimization (PDM) analysis, and we found that the period of negative superhumps systematically changed between a superoutburst and the next superoutburst. The trend of the period change can beinterpreted as reflecting the change of the disk radius. This change of the disk radius is in good agreement with the predicted change of the disk radius by the thermal-tidal instability (TTI) model. The normal outbursts within a supercycle showed a general trend that the rising rate to maximum becomes slower as the next superoutburst approaches. The change can be interpreted as the consequence of the increased gas-stream flow onto the inner region of the disk as the result of the tilted disk. Some of the superoutbursts were found to be triggered by a precursor normal outburst when the positive superhumps appeared to develop. The positive and negative superhumps co-existed during the superoutburst. The positive superhumps were prominent only during four or five days after the supermaximum, while the signal of the negative superhumps became strong after the middle phase of the superoutburst plateau. A simple combination of the positive and negative superhumps was found to be insufficient in reproducing the complex profile variation. We were able to detect the developing phase of positive superhumps (stage A superhumps) for the first time in ER UMa-type dwarf novae. Using the period of stage A superhumps, we obtained a mass ratio of 0.100(15), which indicates that ER UMa is on the ordinary evolutional track of CVs.
The binary fractions of open and globular clusters yield powerful constraints on their dynamical state and evolutionary history. We apply publicly available Bayesian analysis code to a $UBVRIJHK_{S}$ photometric catalog of the old open cluster NGC 188 to detect and characterize photometric binaries along the cluster main sequence. This technique has the advantage that it self-consistently handles photometric errors, missing data in various bandpasses, and star-by-star prior constraints on cluster membership. Simulations are used to verify uncertainties and quantify selection biases in our analysis, illustrating that among binaries with mass ratios >0.5, we recover the binary fraction to better than 7% in the mean, with no significant dependence on binary fraction and a mild dependence on assumed mass ratio distribution. Using our photometric catalog, we recover the majority (65%$pm$11%) of spectroscopically identified main sequence binaries, including 8 of the 9 with spectroscopically measured mass ratios. Accounting for incompleteness and systematics, we derive a mass ratio distribution that rises toward lower mass ratios (within our $q >$0.5 analysis domain). We observe a raw binary fraction for solar-type main sequence stars with mass ratios $q >$0.5 of 42%$pm$4%, independent of the assumed mass ratio distribution to within its uncertainties, consistent with literature values for old open clusters but significantly higher than the field solar-type binary fraction. We confirm that the binaries identified by our method are more concentrated than single stars, in agreement with previous studies, and we demonstrate that the binary nature of those candidates which remain unidentified spectroscopically is strongly supported by photometry from Gaia DR2.
We report the results of a long campaign of time-series photometry on the nova-like variable UX Ursae Majoris during 2015. It spanned 150 nights, with ~1800 hours of coverage on 121 separate nights. The star was in its normal `high state near magnitude V=13, with slow waves in the light curve and eclipses every 4.72 hours. Remarkably, the star also showed a nearly sinusoidal signal with a full amplitude of 0.44 mag and a period of 3.680 +/- 0.007 d. We interpret this as the signature of a retrograde precession (wobble) of the accretion disc. The same period is manifest as a +/-33 s wobble in the timings of mid-eclipse, indicating that the discs centre of light moves with this period. The star also showed strong `negative superhumps at frequencies w_orb+N and 2w_orb+N, where w_orb and N are respectively the orbital and precession frequencies. It is possible that these powerful signals have been present, unsuspected, throughout the more than 60 years of previous photometric studies.
We present the UV photometry of the old open cluster NGC188 obtained using images acquired with Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board the ASTROSAT satellite, in two far-UV (FUV) and one near-UV (NUV) filters. UVIT data is utilised in combination with optical photometric data to construct the optical and UV colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). In the FUV images, we detect only hot and bright blue straggler stars (BSSs), one hot subdwarf, and one white dwarf (WD) candidate. In the NUV images, we detect members up to a faintness limit of ~22 mag including 21 BSSs, 2 yellow straggler stars (YSSs), and one WD candidate. This study presents the first NUV-optical CMDs, and are overlaid with updated BaSTI-IAC isochrones and WD cooling sequence, which are found to fit well to the observed CMDs. We use spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to estimate the effective temperatures, radii, and luminosities of the UV-bright stars. We find the cluster to have an HB population with three stars (Teff = 4750 - 21000 K). We also detect two yellow straggler stars, with one of them with UV excess connected to its binarity and X-ray emission.
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