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Register a new userAxions And Self-Interacting Dark Matter In The Heterotic String-Derived Model
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Johar Muhammad Ashfaque
Publication date
2016
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
Authors
Johar M. Ashfaque
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After revisiting the heterotic string-derived low-energy effective model of cite{Ashfaque:2016ydg, Athanasopoulos:2014bba, Faraggi:2016xnm, Ashfaque:2016jha} constructed in the four-dimensional free fermionic formulation, we find two axions which are either harmful or massive. As a direct consequence, they can not solve the strong $CP$ problem which is in complete agreement with cite{Lopez:1990iq, Halyo:1993xn}. We also explore the possibility of the self-interacting dark matter residing in the non-Abelian gauge group present in the hidden sector cite{Faraggi:2000pv}. We find that the low-energy string-derived model naturally welcomes the self-interacting dark matter as $4$ copies of the non-Abelian, hidden $SU(2)$ gauge group factor are present.
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The production and the subsequent decay of the SM singlet via heavy vector--like colour triplets and electroweak doublets in one--loop diagrams can shed light on the recent observation of diphoton excess at the LHC. In this paper, the $E_6$ GUT is considered in the F-theory setting where the $E_6$ is broken by making use of the spectral cover construction and by turning on the hypercharge gauge flux. This paper is based on the results presented in cite{Athanasopoulos:2014bba, Faraggi:2016xnm, Ashfaque:2016jha} which will be reviewed briefly. Here, by following the F-theory approach, akin to cite{Karozas:2016hcp, Leontaris:2016wsy, Das:2016xuc}, we present a study of the flipped $SO(10)$ model embedded completely in the $E_{6}$ GUT but with a different accommodation of the SM representations in the ${bf{27}}$ of $E_{6}$.
In this paper, $E_6$ and especially $E_7$ GUT are considered in the F-theory setting in view of the free fermionic construction of the $4D$ heterotic string. In particular, the NAHE-Based LRS model of cite{Cleaver:2000ds, Cleaver:2002ps} is revisited as an illustration where the starting point was taken to be the $N=4$, $E_7 times E_7 times SO(16)$ which through the use of boundary condition basis vectors is reduced to obtain the flipped $SO(10)$ GUT symmetry. We also seek to extend the results of cite{Faraggi:2002ah} in the case of the flipped $SU(5)$ to home in on the flipped $SO(10)$ vacua from the Horv{a}va-Witten theory where the $E_8$ gauge group on the observable sector decomposes as $E_{8}supset E_{6}times SU(3)$ with $E_{6}$ being the gauge group of the effective field theory. We find for the $E_{6}$ GUT symmetry, solutions of type A and solutions of type B where the Hirzebruch surfaces are considered for the base contrary to cite{Faraggi:2002ah} where flipped $SU(5)$ vacua were studied and only solutions of type B were found. Moreover, no solutions are found in the case of the base being the del Pezzo surfaces. Furthermore, this goes hand in hand with the heterotic, low-energy string-derived effective model discussed in cite{Ashfaque:2016psv,Ashfaque:2016ydg}.
In models of multi-component dark matter, the lighter component of dark matter can be boosted by annihilations of the heavier state if mass splitting is large enough. Such relativistic dark matter can be detectable via large neutrino detectors such as Super-Kamiokande and IceCube. Moreover, if the process is inelastic scattering and decay length of the produced particle is short enough, another signature coming from the decay can also be detectable. In this paper, we construct a simple two-component dark matter model with a hidden U(1)_D gauge symmetry where the lighter component of dark matter has a potential to improve the so-called small scale structure problems with large self-interacting cross section. We estimate number of multi-Cherenkov ring events due to both of the boosted dark matter and subsequent decay of the particle produced by inelastic scattering at Hyper-Kamiokande future experiment. Some relevant constraints, such as dark matter direct detection and cosmological observations, are also taken into account. The numerical analysis shows that some parameter space which can induce large self-interacting cross section can give a few multi-Cherenkov ring events per year at Hyper-Kamiokande.
We investigate cosmological implications of an energy density contribution arising by elastic dark matter self-interactions. Its scaling behaviour shows that it can be the dominant energy contribution in the early universe. Constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis give an upper limit on the self-interaction strength which allows for the same strength as standard model strong interactions. Furthermore we explore the cosmological consequences of an early self-interaction dominated universe. Chemical dark matter decoupling requires that self-interacting dark matter particles are rather light (keV range) but we find that super-weak inelastic interactions are predicted by strong elastic dark matter self-interactions. Assuming a second, collisionless cold dark matter component, its natural decoupling scale exceeds the weak scale and is in accord with the electron and positron excess observed by PAMELA and Fermi-LAT. Structure formation analysis reveals a linear growing solution during self-interaction domination, enhancing structures up to ~ 10^(-3) solar masses long before the formation of the first stars.
We explore the phenomenology of having a second epoch of dark matter annihilation into dark radiation long after the standard thermal freeze-out. Such a hidden reannihilation process could affect visible sectors only gravitationally. As a concrete realization we consider self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with a light force mediator coupled to dark radiation. We demonstrate how resonantly Sommerfeld enhanced cross sections emerge to induce the reannihilation epoch. The effect is a temporally local modification of the Hubble expansion rate and we show that the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements -- as well as other observations -- have a high sensitivity to observe this phenomenon. Special attention is given to the model region where late kinetic decoupling and strong self-interactions can alleviate several small-scale problems in the cold dark matter paradigm at the same time. Interestingly, we find that reannihilation might here also simultaneously lower the tension between CMB and low-redshift astronomical observations of $H_{0}$ and $sigma_{8}$. Moreover, we identify reannihilation as a clear signature to discriminate between the phenomenologically otherwise almost identical vector and scalar mediator realizations of SIDM.
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