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Register a new userFast ion swapping for quantum information processing
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We demonstrate a SWAP gate between laser-cooled ions in a segmented microtrap via fast physical swapping of the ion positions. This operation is used in conjunction with qubit initialization, manipulation and readout, and with other types of shuttling operations such as linear transport and crystal separation and merging. Combining these operations, we perform quantum process tomography of the SWAP gate, obtaining a mean process fidelity of 99.5(5)%. The swap operation is demonstrated with motional excitations below 0.05(1)~quanta for all six collective modes of a two-ion crystal, for a process duration of 42~$mu$s. Extending these techniques to three ions, we reverse the order of a three-ion crystal and reconstruct the truth table for this operation, resulting in a mean process fidelity of 99.96(13)% in the logical basis.
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We report on the design, fabrication, and preliminary testing of a 150 zone array built in a `surface-electrode geometry microfabricated on a single substrate. We demonstrate transport of atomic ions between legs of a `Y-type junction and measure the in-situ heating rates for the ions. The trap design demonstrates use of a basic component design library that can be quickly assembled to form structures optimized for a particular experiment.
Quantum-mechanical principles can be used to process information (QIP). In one approach, linear arrays of trapped, laser cooled ion qubits (two-level quantum systems) are confined in segmented multi-zone electrode structures. The ion trap approach to QIP requires trapping and control of numerous ions in electrode structures with many trapping zones. I investigated microfabrication of structures to trap, transport and couple large numbers of ions. Using 24Mg+ I demonstrated loading and transport between zones in microtraps made of boron doped silicon. This thesis describes the fundamentals of ion trapping, the characteristics of silicon-based traps amenable to QIP work and apparatus to trap ions and characterize traps. Microfabrication instructions appropriate for nonexperts are included. Ion motional heating was measured. <<>> Using MEMs techniques I built a Si micro-mechanical oscillator and demonstrated a method to reduce the kinetic energy of its lowest order mechanical mode via capacitive coupling to a driven radio frequency (RF) oscillator. Cooling resulted from a RF capacitive force, phase shifted relative to the cantilever motion. The technique was demonstrated by cooling the 7 kHz fundamental mode from room temperature to 45 K. <<>> I also discuss an implementation of the semiclassical quantum Fourier transform (QFT) using three beryllium ion qubits. The QFT is a crucial step in a number of quantum algorithms including Shors algorithm, a quantum approach to integer factorization which is exponentially faster than the fastest known classical factoring algorithm. This demonstration incorporated the key elements of a scalable ion-trap architecture for QIP.
Atomic ions trapped in ultra-high vacuum form an especially well-understood and useful physical system for quantum information processing. They provide excellent shielding of quantum information from environmental noise, while strong, well-controlled laser interactions readily provide quantum logic gates. A number of basic quantum information protocols have been demonstrated with trapped ions. Much current work aims at the construction of large-scale ion-trap quantum computers using complex microfabricated trap arrays. Several groups are also actively pursuing quantum interfacing of trapped ions with photons.
Moving trapped-ion qubits in a microstructured array of radiofrequency traps offers a route towards realizing scalable quantum processing nodes. Establishing such nodes, providing sufficient functionality to represent a building block for emerging quantum technologies, e.g. a quantum computer or quantum repeater, remains a formidable technological challenge. In this review, we present a holistic view on such an architecture, including the relevant components, their characterization and their impact on the overall system performance. We present a hardware architecture based on a uniform linear segmented multilayer trap, controlled by a custom-made fast multi-channel arbitrary waveform generator. The latter allows for conducting a set of different ion shuttling operations at sufficient speed and quality. We describe the relevant parameters and performance specifications for microstructured ion traps, waveform generators and additional circuitry, along with suitable measurement schemes to verify the system performance. Furthermore, a set of different basic shuttling operations for dynamic qubit register reconfiguration is described and characterized in detail.
We describe a novel monolithic ion trap that combines the flexibility and scalability of silicon microfabrication technologies with the superior trapping characteristics of traditional four-rod Paul traps. The performace of the proposed microfabricated trap approaches that of the macroscopic structures. The fabrication process creates an angled through-chip slot which allows backside ion loading and through-laser access while avoiding surface light scattering and dielectric charging. The trap geometry and dimensions are optimized for confining long ion chains with equal ion spacing [G.-D. Lin, et al., Europhys. Lett. 86, 60004 (2009)]. Control potentials have been derived to produce linear, equally spaced ion chains of up to 50 ions spaced at 10 um. With the deep trapping depths achievable in this design, we expect that these chains will be sufficiently long-lived to be used in quantum simulations of magnetic systems [E.E. Edwards, et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 060412(R) (2010)]. The trap is currently being fabricated at Georgia Tech using VLSI techniques.
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