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Register a new userChevalley-Weil Theorem and Subgroups of Class Groups
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We prove, under some mild hypothesis, that an etale cover of curves defined over a number field has infinitely many specializations into an everywhere unramified extension of number fields. This constitutes an absolute version of the Chevalley-Weil theorem. Using this result, we are able to generalize the techniques of Mestre, Levin and the second author for constructing and counting number fields with large class group.
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Let $q$ be a power of a prime $p$, let $G$ be a finite Chevalley group over $mathbb{F}_q$ and let $U$ be a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$; we assume that $p$ is not a very bad prime for $G$. We explain a procedure of reduction of irreducible complex characters of $U$, which leads to an algorithm whose goal is to obtain a parametrization of the irreducible characters of $U$ along with a means to construct these characters as induced characters. A focus in this paper is determining the parametrization when $G$ is of type $mathrm{F}_4$, where we observe that the parametrization is uniform over good primes $p > 3$, but differs for the bad prime $p = 3$. We also explain how it has been applied for all groups of rank $4$ or less.
This paper explores analogies between the Weil proof of the Riemann hypothesis for function fields and the geometry of the adeles class space, which is the noncommutative space underlying Connes spectral realization of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. We consider the cyclic homology of the cokernel (in the abelian category of cyclic modules) of the ``restriction map defined by the inclusion of the ideles class group of a global field in the noncommutative adeles class space. Weils explicit formula can then be formulated as a Lefschetz trace formula for the induced action of the ideles class group on this cohomology. In this formulation the Riemann hypothesis becomes equivalent to the positivity of the relevant trace pairing. This result suggests a possible dictionary between the steps in the Weil proof and corresponding notions involving the noncommutative geometry of the adeles class space, with good working notions of correspondences, degree and codegree etc. In particular, we construct an analog for number fields of the algebraic points of the curve for function fields, realized here as classical points (low temperature KMS states) of quantum statistical mechanical systems naturally associated to the periodic orbits of the action of the ideles class group, that is, to the noncommutative spaces on which the geometric side of the trace formula is supported.
Let $S$ be the spectrum of a complete discrete valuation ring with fraction field of characteristic 0 and perfect residue field of characteristic $pgeq 3$. Let $G$ be a truncated Barsotti-Tate group of level 1 over $S$. If ``$G$ is not too supersingular, a condition that will be explicitly expressed in terms of the valuation of a certain determinant, we prove that we can canonically lift the kernel of the Frobenius endomorphism of its special fibre to a subgroup scheme of $G$, finite and flat over $S$. We call it the canonical subgroup of $G$.
Considering $mathbb{Z}_n$ the ring of integers modulo $n$, the classical Fermat-Euler theorem establishes the existence of a specific natural number $varphi(n)$ satisfying the following property: $ x^{varphi(n)}=1%hspace{1.0cm}text{for all}hspace{0.2cm}xin mathbb{Z}_n^*, $ for all $x$ belonging to the group of units of $mathbb{Z}_n$. In this manuscript, this result is extended to a class of rings that satisfies some mild conditions.
The Mordell-Weil groups $E(mathbb{Q})$ of elliptic curves influence the structures of their quadratic twists $E_{-D}(mathbb{Q})$ and the ideal class groups $mathrm{CL}(-D)$ of imaginary quadratic fields. For appropriate $(u,v) in mathbb{Z}^2$, we define a family of homomorphisms $Phi_{u,v}: E(mathbb{Q}) rightarrow mathrm{CL}(-D)$ for particular negative fundamental discriminants $-D:=-D_E(u,v)$, which we use to simultaneously address questions related to lower bounds for class numbers, the structures of class groups, and ranks of quadratic twists. Specifically, given an elliptic curve $E$ of rank $r$, let $Psi_E$ be the set of suitable fundamental discriminants $-D<0$ satisfying the following three conditions: the quadratic twist $E_{-D}$ has rank at least 1; $E_{text{tor}}(mathbb{Q})$ is a subgroup of $mathrm{CL}(-D)$; and $h(-D)$ satisfies an effective lower bound which grows asymptotically like $c(E) log (D)^{frac{r}{2}}$ as $D to infty$. Then for any $varepsilon > 0$, we show that as $X to infty$, we have $$#, left{-X < -D < 0: -D in Psi_E right } , gg_{varepsilon} X^{frac{1}{2}-varepsilon}.$$ In particular, if $ell in {3,5,7}$ and $ell mid |E_{mathrm{tor}}(mathbb{Q})|$, then the number of such discriminants $-D$ for which $ell mid h(-D)$ is $gg_{varepsilon} X^{frac{1}{2}-varepsilon}.$ Moreover, assuming the Parity Conjecture, our results hold with the additional condition that the quadratic twist $E_{-D}$ has rank at least 2.
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