No Arabic abstract
We show that general triple planes with p_g=q=0 belong to at most 12 families, that we call surfaces of type I,..., XII, and we prove that the corresponding Tschirnhausen bundle is direct sum of two line bundles in cases I, II, III, whereas is a rank 2 Steiner bundle in the remaining cases. We also provide existence results and explicit constructions for surfaces of type I,..., VII, recovering all classical examples and discovering several new ones. In particular, triple planes of type VII provide counterexamples to a wrong claim made in 1942 by Bronowski.
Motivated by a question by D. Mumford : can a computer classify all surfaces with $p_g = 0$ ? we try to show the complexity of the problem. We restrict it to the classification of the minimal surfaces of general type with $p_g = 0, K^2 = 8$ which are constructed by the Beauville construction, namely, which are quotients of a product of curves by the free action of a finite group G acting separately on each component. We think that man and computer will soon solve this classification problem. In the paper we classify completely the 5 cases where the group G is abelian. For these surfaces, we describe the moduli space (sometimes it is just a real point), and the first homology group. We describe also 5 examples where the group G is non abelian. Three of the latter examples had been previously described by R. Pardini.
The first main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing knowledge about the complex projective surfaces $S$ of general type with $p_g(S) = 0$ and their moduli spaces, constructing 19 new families of such surfaces with hitherto unknown fundamental groups. We also provide a table containing all the known such surfaces with K^2 <=7. Our second main purpose is to describe in greater generality the fundamental groups of smooth projective varieties which occur as the minimal resolutions of the quotient of a product of curves by the action of a finite group. We classify, in the two dimensional case, all the surfaces with q=p_g = 0 obtained as the minimal resolution of such a quotient, having rational double points as singularities. We show that all these surfaces give evidence to the Bloch conjecture.
We show that the maximal number of planes in a complex smooth cubic fourfold in ${mathbb P}^5$ is $405$, realized by the Fermat cubic only; the maximal number of real planes in a real smooth cubic fourfold is $357$, realized by the so-called Clebsch--Segre cubic. Altogether, there are but three (up to projective equivalence) cubics with more than $350$ planes.
Let $(A,mathfrak{m})$ be an excellent normal domain of dimension two. We define an $mathfrak{m}$-primary ideal $I$ to be a $p_g$-ideal if the Rees algebra $A[It]$ is a Cohen-Macaulay normal domain. When $A$ contains an algebraically closed field $k cong A/mathfrak{m}$ then Okuma, Watanabe and Yoshida proved that $A$ has $p_g$-ideals and furthermore product of two $p_g$-ideals is a $p_g$ ideal. In this article we show that if $A$ is an excellent normal domain of dimension two containing a field $k cong A/mathfrak{m}$ of characteristic zero then also $A$ has $p_g$-ideals. Furthermore product of two $p_g$-ideals is $p_g$.
We study the probability that an $(n - m)$-dimensional linear subspace in $mathbb{P}^n$ or a collection of points spanning such a linear subspace is contained in an $m$-dimensional variety $Y subset mathbb{P}^n$. This involves a strategy used by Galkin--Shinder to connect properties of a cubic hypersurface to its Fano variety of lines via cut and paste relations in the Grothendieck ring of varieties. Generalizing this idea to varieties of higher codimension and degree, we can measure growth rates of weighted probabilities of $k$-planes contained in a sequence of varieties with varying initial parameters over a finite field. In the course of doing this, we move an identity motivated by rationality problems involving cubic hypersurfaces to a motivic statistics setting associated with cohomological stability.