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Register a new userThe HI Content of Galaxies in Groups and Clusters as Measured by ALFALFA
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We present the HI content of galaxies in nearby groups and clusters as measured by the 70% complete Arecibo Legacy Fast-ALFA (ALFALFA) survey, including constraints from ALFALFA detection limits. Our sample includes 22 systems at distances between 70-160 Mpc over the mass range 12.5<log M/M_sun<15.0, for a total of 1986 late-type galaxies. We find that late-type galaxies in the centers of groups lack HI at fixed stellar mass relative to the regions surrounding them. Larger groups show evidence of a stronger dependence of HI properties on environment, despite a similar dependence of color on environment at fixed stellar mass. We compare several environment variables to determine which is the best predictor of galaxy properties; group-centric distance r and r/R_200 are similarly effective predictors, while local density is slightly more effective and group size and halo mass are slightly less effective. While both central and satellite galaxies in the blue cloud exhibit a significant dependence of HI content on local density, only centrals show a strong dependence on stellar mass, and only satellites show a strong dependence on halo mass. Finally, we see evidence that HI is deficient for blue cloud galaxies in denser environments even when both stellar mass and color are fixed. This is consistent with a picture where HI is removed or destroyed, followed by reddening within the blue cloud. Our results support the existence of pre-processing in isolated groups, along with an additional rapid mechanism for gas removal within larger groups and clusters, perhaps ram-pressure stripping.
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We use a stacking technique to measure the average HI content of a volume-limited sample of 1871 AGN host galaxies from a parent sample of galaxies selected from the SDSS and GALEX imaging surveys with stellar masses greater than 10^10 M_sun and redshifts in the range 0.025<z<0.05. HI data are available from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. In previous work, we found that the HI gas fraction in galaxies correlates most strongly with the combination of optical/UV colour and stellar surface mass density. We therefore build a control sample of non-AGN matched to the AGN hosts in these two properties. We study trends in HI gas mass fraction (M(HI)/M_*), where M_* is the stellar mass) as a function of black hole accretion rate indicator L[OIII]/M(BH). We find no significant difference in HI content between AGN and control samples at all values of black hole accretion rate probed by the galaxies in our sample. This indicates that AGN do not influence the large-scale gaseous properties of galaxies in the local Universe. We have studied the variation in HI mass fraction with black hole accretion rate in the blue and red galaxy populations. In the blue population, the HI gas fraction is independent of accretion rate, indicating that accretion is not sensitive to the properties of the interstellar medium of the galaxy on large scales. However, in the red population accretion rate and gas fraction do correlate. The measured gas fractions in this population are not too different from the ones expected from a stellar mass loss origin, implying that the fuel supply in the red AGN population could be a mixture of mass loss from stars and gas present in disks.
The neutral hydrogen~(HI) gas is an important barometer of recent star formation and metal enrichment activities in galaxies. I develop a novel statistical method for predicting the HI-to-stellar mass ratio $f_{gas}$ of galaxies from their stellar mass and optical colour, and apply it to a volume-limited galaxy sample jointly observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey. I eliminate the impact of the Malmquist bias against HI-deficient systems on the $f_{gas}$ predictor by properly accounting for the HI detection probability of each galaxy in the analysis. The best-fitting $f_{gas}$ predictor, with an estimated scatter of $0.272$ dex, provides excellent description to the observed HI mass function. After defining an HI excess parameter as the deviation of the observed $f_{gas}$ from the expected value, I confirm that there exists a strong secondary dependence of the mass-metallicity relation on HI excess. By further examining the 2D metallicity distribution on the specific star formation rate vs. HI excess plane, I show that the metallicity dependence on HI is likely more fundamental than that on specific star formation rate. In addition, I find that the environmental dependence of HI in the local Universe can be effectively described by the cross-correlation coefficient between HI excess and the red galaxy overdensity $rho_{cc}{=}-0.18$. This weak anti-correlation also successfully explains the observed dependence of HI clustering on $f_{gas}$. My method provides a useful framework for learning HI gas evolution from the synergy between future HI and optical galaxy surveys.
We investigate the clustering of HI-selected galaxies in the ALFALFA survey and compare results with those obtained for HIPASS. Measurements of the angular correlation function and the inferred 3D-clustering are compared with results from direct spatial-correlation measurements. We are able to measure clustering on smaller angular scales and for galaxies with lower HI masses than was previously possible. We calculate the expected clustering of dark matter using the redshift distributions of HIPASS and ALFALFA and show that the ALFALFA sample is somewhat more anti-biased with respect to dark matter than the HIPASS sample.
We report results from a study of the HI content and stellar properties of nearby galaxies detected by the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA blind 21-cm line survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in two declination strips covering a total area of 9 hr X 16 deg. Our analysis seeks to assemble a control sample of galaxies suitable for providing absolute measures of the HI content of gaseous objects. From a database of ~15,000 HI detections, we have assembled three samples of gas-rich galaxies expected to show little or no evidence of interaction with their surroundings that could provide adequate HI standards. The most reliable results are obtained with a sample of 5647 sources found in low density environments, as defined by a nearest neighbor approach. The other two samples contain several hundred relatively isolated galaxies each, as determined from standard isolation algorithms. We find that isolated objects are not particularly gas-rich compared to their low-density-environment counterparts, while they suffer from selection bias and span a smaller dynamic range. All this makes them less suitable for defining a reference for HI content. We have explored the optical morphology of gaseous galaxies in quiet environments finding that, within the volume surveyed, the vast majority of them display unequivocal late-type galaxy features. In contrast, bona fide gas-rich early-type systems account only for a negligible fraction of the 21-cm detections. We argue that HI emission provides the most reliable way to determine the morphological population to which a galaxy belongs. We have also observed that the color distribution of flux-limited samples of optically-selected field HI emitters does not vary significantly with increasing distance, while that of non-detections becomes notably redder. This result suggests that the colors and HI masses of gas-rich galaxies cannot be very closely related.
HI in galaxies traces the fuel for future star formation and reveals the effects of feedback on neutral gas. Using a statistically uniform, HI-selected sample of 565 galaxies from the ALFALFA H-alpha survey, we explore HI properties as a function of star formation activity. ALFALFA H-alpha provides R-band and H-alpha imaging for a volume-limited subset of the 21-cm ALFALFA survey. We identify eight starbursts based on H-alpha equivalent width and six with enhanced star formation relative to the main sequence. Both starbursts and non-starbursts have similar HI to stellar mass ratios (MHI/M*), which suggests that feedback is not depleting the starbursts HI. Consequently, the starbursts do have shorter HI depletion times (t_dep), implying more efficient HI-to-H2 conversion. While major mergers likely drive this enhanced efficiency in some starbursts, the lowest mass starbursts may experience periodic bursts, consistent with enhanced scatter in t_dep at low M*. Two starbursts appear to be pre-coalescence mergers; their elevated MHI/M* suggest that HI-to-H2 conversion is still ongoing at this stage. By comparing with the GASS sample, we find that t_dep anti-correlates with stellar surface density for disks, while spheroids show no such trend. Among early-type galaxies, t_dep does not correlate with bulge-to-disk ratio; instead, the gas distribution may determine the star formation efficiency. Finally, the weak connection between galaxies specific star formation rates and MHI/M* contrasts with the well-known correlation between MHI/M* and color. We show that dust extinction can explain the HI-color trend, which may arise from the relationship between M*, MHI, and metallicity.
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