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Register a new userComparison of laser induced and intrinsic tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect in CoFeB/MgAl$_2$O$_4$ and CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions
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We present a comparison of the tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect for laser induced and intrinsic heating. Therefore, Co$_{40}$Fe$_{40}$B$_{20}$/MgAl$_2$O$_4$ and Co$_{25}$Fe$_{55}$B$_{20}$/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions have been prepared. The TMS ratio of 3,% in case of the MAO MTJ agrees well with ratios found for other barrier materials, while the TMS ratio of 23,% of the MgO MTJ emphasizes the influence of the CoFe composition. We find results using the intrinsic method that differ in sign and magnitude in comparison to the results of the laser heating. The intrinsic contributions can alternatively be explained by the Brinkman model and the given junction properties. Especially, we are able to demonstrate that the symmetric contribution is solely influenced by the barrier asymmetry. Thus, we conclude that the symmetry analysis used for the intrinsic method is not suitable to unambiguously identify an intrinsic tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect.
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We investigate the influence of the barrier thickness of Co$_{40}$Fe$_{40}$B$_{20}$ based magnetic tunnel junctions on the laser-induced tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect. Varying the barrier thickness from 1nm to 3nm, we find a distinct maximum in the tunnel magneto-Seebeck effect for 2.6nm barrier thickness. This maximum is independently measured for two barrier materials, namely MgAl$_2$O$_4$ and MgO. Additionally, samples with an MgAl$_2$O$_4$ barrier exhibit a high thermovoltage of more than 350$mu$V in comparison to 90$mu$V for the MTJs with MgO barrier when heated with the maximum laser power of 150mW. Our results allow for the fabrication of improved stacks when dealing with temperature differences across magnetic tunnel junctions for future applications in spin caloritronics, the emerging research field that combines spintronics and themoelectrics.
Current-driven magnetization switching in low-resistance Co40Fe40B20/MgO/Co40Fe40B20 magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is reported. The critical-current densities Jc required for current-driven switching in samples annealed at 270C and 300C are found to be as low as 7.8 x 10^5 A/cm^2 and 8.8 x 10^5 A/cm^2 with accompanying tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios of 49% and 73 %, respectively. Further annealing of the samples at 350C increases TMR ratio to 160 %, while accompanying Jc increases to 2.5 x 10^6 A/cm^2. We attribute the low Jc to the high spin-polarization of tunnel current and small MsV product of the CoFeB single free layer, where Ms is the saturation magnetization and V the volume of the free layer.
Thermal stability factor (delta) of recording layer was studied in perpendicular anisotropy CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) with various CoFeB recording layer thicknesses and junction sizes. In all series of p-MTJs with different thicknesses, delta is virtually independent of the junction sizes of 48-81 nm in diameter. The values of delta increase linearly with increasing the recording layer thickness. The slope of the linear fit is explained well by a model based on nucleation type magnetization reversal.
We investigated the dependence of giant tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) on the thickness of an MgO barrier and on the annealing temperature of sputtered CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions deposited on SiO2/Si wafers. The resistance-area product exponentially increases with MgO thickness, indicating that the quality of MgO barriers is high in the investigated thickness range of 1.15-2.4 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images show that annealing at 375 C results in the formation of crystalline CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB structures, even though CoFeB electrodes are amorphous in the as-sputtered state. The TMR ratio increases with annealing temperature and is as high as 260% at room temperature and 403% at 5 K.
We report the intrinsic critical current density (Jc0) in current-induced magnetization switching and the thermal stability factor (E/kBT, where E, kB, and T are the energy potential, the Boltzmann constant, and temperature, respectively) in MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions with a Co40Fe40B20(2nm)/Ru(0.7-2.4nm)/Co40Fe40B20(2nm) synthetic ferrimagnetic (SyF) free layer. We show that Jc0 and E/kBT can be determined by analyzing the average critical current density as a function of coercivity using the Slonczewskis model taking into account thermal fluctuation. We find that high antiferromagnetic coupling between the two CoFeB layers in a SyF free layer results in reduced Jc0 without reducing high E/kBT.
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