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Optical fibres have transformed the way people interact with the world and now permeate many areas of science. Optical fibres are traditionally thought of as insensitive to magnetic fields, however many application areas from mining to biomedicine would benefit from fibre-based remote magnetometry devices. In this work, we realise such a device by embedding nanoscale magnetic sensors into tellurite glass fibres. Remote magnetometry is performed on magnetically active defect centres in nanodiamonds embedded into the glass matrix. Standard optical magnetometry techniques are applied to initialize and detect local magnetic field changes with a measured sensitivity of 26 micron Tesla/square root(Hz). Our approach utilizes straight-forward optical excitation, simple focusing elements, and low power components. We demonstrate remote magnetometry by direct reporting of the magnetic ground states of nitrogen-vacancy defect centres in the optical fibres. In addition, we present and describe theoretically an all-optical technique that is ideally suited to remote fibre-based sensing. The implications of our results broaden the applications of optical fibres, which now have the potential to underpin a new generation of medical magneto-endoscopes and remote mining sensors.
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Tellurite glass fibers with embedded nanodiamond are attractive materials for quantum photonics applications. Reducing the loss of these fibers in the 600-800 nm wavelength range of nanodiamond fluorescence is essential to exploit the unique properties of nanodiamond in the new hybrid material. The first part of this study reported the origin of loss in nanodiamond-doped glass and impact of glass fabrication conditions. Here, we report the fabrication of nanodiamond-doped tellurite fibers with significantly reduced loss in the visible through further understanding of the impact of glass fabrication conditions on the interaction of the glass melt with the embedded nanodiamond. We fabricated tellurite fibers containing nanodiamond in concentrations up to 0.7 ppm-weight, while reducing the loss by more than an order of magnitude down to 10 dB/m at 600-800 nm.
Tellurite glass fibers with embedded nanodiamond are attractive materials for quantum photonic applications. Reducing the loss of these fibers in the 600-800 nm wavelength range of nanodiamond fluorescence is essential to exploit the unique properties of nanodiamond in the new hybrid material. In the first part of this study, we report the effect of interaction of the tellurite glass melt with the embedded nanodiamond on the loss of the glasses. The glass fabrication conditions such as melting temperature and concentration of NDs added to the melt were found to have critical influence on the interaction. Based on this understanding, we identified promising fabrication conditions for decreasing the loss to levels required for practical applications.
Nanoscale control over the second-order photon correlation function $g^{(2)}(tau)$ is critical to emerging research in nonlinear nanophotonics and integrated quantum information science. Here we report on quasiparticle control of photon bunching with $g^{(2)}(0)>45$ in the cathodoluminescence of nanodiamond nitrogen vacancy (NV$^0$) centers excited by a converged electron beam in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. Plasmon-mediated NV$^0$ cathodoluminescence exhibits a 16-fold increase in luminescence intensity correlated with a three fold reduction in photon bunching compared with that of uncoupled NV$^0$ centers. This effect is ascribed to the excitation of single temporally uncorrelated NV$^0$ centers by single surface plasmon polaritons. Spectrally resolved Hanbury Brown--Twiss interferometry is employed to demonstrate that the bunching is mediated by the NV$^0$ phonon sidebands, while no observable bunching is detected at the zero-phonon line. The data are consistent with fast phonon-mediated recombination dynamics, a conclusion substantiated by agreement between Bayesian regression and Monte Carlo models of superthermal NV$^0$ luminescence.
Two novel properties, unique for semiconductors: a negative electron affinity [1-2], and a high p-type surface electrical conductivity [3-4], were discovered in diamond at the end of the last century. Both properties appear when the diamond surface is hydrogenated. A natural question arises: is the influence of the surface hydrogen on diamond limited only to the electrical properties? Here, we report the first observation of a transparency peak at 1328 cm-1 in IR absorption of hydrogen-terminated pure (undoped) nanodiamonds. This new optical property is ascribed to Fano-type destructive interference between zone-center phonons and free carriers (holes) appearing in the near-surface layer of hydrogenated nanodiamond. Our work opens the way to exploring the physics of electron-phonon coupling in undoped diamonds and promises the application of the H-terminated nanodiamonds as a new optical material with an induced transparency in IR optical range.
Magnetic resonance of sodium fluorescence is studied with varying laser intensity, duty cycle, and field strength. A magnetometer based on sodium vapor cell filled with He buffer gas is demonstrated, which uses a single amplitude-modulated laser beam. With a 589 nm laser tuned at D1 or D2 line, the magnetic field is inferred from the variation of fluorescence. A magnetic field sensitivity of 150 pT per Hz square root is achieved at D1 line. The work is a step towards sensitive remote magnetometry with mesospheric sodium.
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