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We show that the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the scattering amplitude in the limit of zero incident energy can be transformed into a purely Euclidean form, as it is the case for the bound states. The decoupling between Euclidean and Minkowski amplitudes is only possible for zero energy scattering observables and allows determining the scattering length from the Euclidean Bethe-Salpeter amplitude. Such a possibility strongly simplifies the numerical solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation and suggests an alternative way to compute the scattering length in Lattice Euclidean calculations without using the Luscher formalism. The derivations contained in this work were performed for scalar particles and one-boson exchange kernel. They can be generalized to the fermion case and more involved interactions.
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Brambilla, Escobedo, Soto, and Vairo have derived an effective description of quarkonium with two parameters; a momentum diffusion term and a real self-energy term. We point out that there is a similar real self-energy term for a single open heavy flavor and that it can be expressed directly in terms of Euclidean electric field correlators along a Polyakov line. This quantity can be directly studied on the lattice without the need for analytical continuation. We show that Minkowski-space calculations of this correlator correspond with the known NLO Euclidean value of the relevant electric field two-point function and that it differs from the real self-energy term for quarkonium.
In this work we present a direct comparison of three different numerical analytic continuation methods: the Maximum Entropy Method, the Backus-Gilbert method and the Schlessinger point or Resonances Via Pad{e} method. First, we perform a benchmark test based on a model spectral function and study the regime of applicability of these methods depending on the number of input points and their statistical error. We then apply these methods to more realistic examples, namely to numerical data on Euclidean propagators obtained from a Functional Renormalization Group calculation, to data from a lattice Quantum Chromodynamics simulation and to data obtained from a tight-binding model for graphene in order to extract the electrical conductivity.
Discrete symmetries in grand canonical ensembles and in ensembles canonical with respect to triality are investigated. We speculate about the general phase structure of finite temperature gauge theories with discrete $Z(N)$ symmetry. Low and high temperature phases turn out to be different in both ensembles even for infinite systems. It is argued that gauge theories with matter fields in the fundamental representation should be treated in ensembles canonical with respect to triality if one wants to avoid unphysical predictions. Further, we discuss as a physical consequence of such a treatment the impossibility of the existence of metastable phases in the quark-gluon plasma.
We report on new results on the infrared behaviour of the three-gluon vertex in quenched Quantum Chormodynamics, obtained from large-volume lattice simulations. The main focus of our study is the appearance of the characteristic infrared feature known as zero crossing, the origin of which is intimately connected with the nonperturbative masslessness of the Faddeev-Popov ghost. The appearance of this effect is clearly visible in one of the two kinematic configurations analyzed, and its theoretical origin is discussed in the framework of Schwinger-Dyson equations. The effective coupling in the momentum subtraction scheme that corresponds to the three-gluon vertex is constructed, revealing the vanishing of the effective interaction at the exact location of the zero crossing.
We shortly review different methods to obtain the scattering solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in Minkowski space. We emphasize the possibility to obtain the zero energy observables in terms of the Euclidean scattering amplitude.
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