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Register a new userPHENIX results on fluctuations and Bose-Einstein correlations in Au+Au collisions from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan
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Prakhar Garg
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The RHIC Beam Energy Scan focuses on mapping the QCD phase diagram and pinpointing the location of a possible critical end point. Bose-Einstein correlations and event-by-event fluctuations of conserved quantities, measured as a function of centrality and collision energy, are promising tools in these studies. Recent lattice QCD and statistical thermal model calculations predict that higher-order cumulants of the fluctuations are sensitive indicators of the phase transition. Products of these cumulants can be used to extract the freeze-out parameters (1) and to locate the critical point (2). Two-pion interferometry measurements are predicted to be sensitive to potential softening of the equation of state and prolonged emission duration close to the critical point (3). We present recent PHENIX results on fluctuations of net-charge using high-order cumulants and their products in Au+Au collisions at sqsn = 7.7 - 200 GeV, and measurement of two-pion correlation functions and emission-source radii in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at several beam energies. The extracted source radii are compared to previous measurements at RHIC and LHC in order to study energy dependence of the specific quantities sensitive to expansion velocity and emission duration. Implications for the search of a critical point and baryon chemical potentials at various collision energies are discussed.
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The two-particle angular correlation functions, $R_2$, of pions, kaons, and protons in Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV were measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. These correlations were measured for both like-sign and unlike-sign charge combinations and versus the centrality. The correlations of pions and kaons show the expected near-side ({it i.e.}, at small relative angles) peak resulting from short-range mechanisms. The amplitudes of these short-range correlations decrease with increasing beam energy. However, the proton correlation functions exhibit strong anticorrelations in the near-side region. This behavior is observed for the first time in an A+A collision system. The observed anticorrelation is $p_{T}$-independent and decreases with increasing beam energy and centrality. The experimental results are also compared to the Monte Carlo models UrQMD, Hijing, and AMPT.
In the PHOBOS experiment, charged particles are measured in almost the full solid angle. This enables the study of fluctuations and correlations in the particle production over a very wide kinematic range. In this paper, we show results of a direct search for fluctuations identified by an unusual shape of the pseudorapidity distribution. In addition, we use analysis of correlations of the multiplicity in similar pseudorapidity bins, placed symmetrically in the forward and backward hemispheres, to test the hypothesis of production of particles in clusters.
We present results from a harmonic decomposition of two-particle azimuthal correlations measured with the STAR detector in Au+Au collisions for energies ranging from $sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7$ GeV to 200 GeV. The third harmonic $v_3^2{2}=langle cos3(phi_1-phi_2)rangle$, where $phi_1-phi_2$ is the angular difference in azimuth, is studied as a function of the pseudorapidity difference between particle pairs $Deltaeta = eta_1-eta_2$. Non-zero {vthree} is directly related to the previously observed large-$Deltaeta$ narrow-$Deltaphi$ ridge correlations and has been shown in models to be sensitive to the existence of a low viscosity Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) phase. For sufficiently central collisions, $v_3^2{2}$ persist down to an energy of 7.7 GeV suggesting that QGP may be created even in these low energy collisions. In peripheral collisions at these low energies however, $v_3^2{2}$ is consistent with zero. When scaled by pseudorapidity density of charged particle multiplicity per participating nucleon pair, $v_3^2{2}$ for central collisions shows a minimum near {snn}$=20$ GeV.
We report the energy dependence of mid-rapidity (anti-)deuteron production in Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_text{NN}} = $7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The yield of deuterons is found to be well described by the thermal model. The collision energy, centrality, and transverse momentum dependence of the coalescence parameter $B_2$ are discussed. We find that the values of $B_2$ for anti-deuterons are systematically lower than those for deuterons, indicating that the correlation volume of anti-baryons is larger than that of baryons at $sqrt{s_text{NN}}$ from 19.6 to 39 GeV. In addition, values of $B_2$ are found to vary with collision energy and show a broad minimum around $sqrt{s_text{NN}}= $20 to 40 GeV, which might imply a change of the equation of state of the medium in these collisions.
PHOBOS is one of four experiments studying the Au-Au interactions at RHIC. The data collected during the first few weeks after the RHIC start-up, using the initial configuration of the PHOBOS detector, were sufficient to obtain the first physics results for the most central collisions of Au nuclei at the center of mass energy of 56 and 130 AGeV. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles near midrapidity is shown and compared with data at lower energies and from $pp$ and $pbar{p}$ collisions. The progress of the analysis of the data is also presented.PHOBOS is one of four experiments studying the Au-Au interactions at RHIC. The data collected during the first few weeks after the RHIC start-up, using the initial configuration of the PHOBOS detector, were sufficient to obtain the first physics results for the most central collisions of Au nuclei at the center of mass energy of 56 and 130 AGeV. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles near midrapidity is shown and compared with data at lower energies and from $pp$ and $pbar{p}$ collisions. The progress of the analysis of the data is also presented.
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