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Register a new userFalsification of a Time Operator Model based on Charge-Conjugation-Parity violation of neutral K-mesons
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The founding fathers of the quantum theory already struggled with the different roles of space and time in quantum theory. Position is by default represented by an operator, whereas time is usually treated as a parameter. Time operator models exist, in particular a certain Time Operator model denoted the Temporal Wave Function (T.W.F.). This one extends the Borns rule to the time domain. The statistics of pure exponential decay does not allow to exclude this Born rule for time. However the tiny violation of the combined discrete symmetries $P$ (parity) and $C$ (charge conjugation) observed in the K-meson system allows us, as we prove in this paper, to discriminate between the standard predictions, made in the framework of the so-called mass-decay matrix formalism, and the T.W.F. predictions. We also present experimental data of a particular $CP$ violating decay channel, that is in contrast with the prediction of T.W.F. approach model, resulting in its falsification.
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In this paper we propose to associate a temporal two-component wave-function to the decay process of meson particles. This simple quantum model provides a good estimation of the CP symmetry violation parameter. This result is based on our previous paper (Two-Level Friedrichs model and Kaonic phenomenology, Physics Letters A 362, 100-104 (2007)) where we have shown that the two-level Friedrichs Hamiltonian model makes it possible to provide a qualitatively correct phenomenological model of kaons physics. In this previous paper, we derived a violation parameter that is 14 times larger than the measured quantity. In the present paper we improve our estimation of the violation and obtain the right order of magnitude. The improvement results from a renormalized superposition of the probability amplitudes describing short and long exponential decays. The renormalization occurs because the amplitudes that we are dealing with are associated to the decay rate, and not to the integrated decay rate or survival probability as is usually the case in standard approaches to CP-violation. We also compare with recent experimental data for the mesons D and B and also there the agreement between our model and experimental data is quite satisfying.
Bells theorem guarantees that no model based on local variables can reproduce quantum correlations. Also some models based on non-local variables, if subject to apparently reasonable constraints, may fail to reproduce quantum physics. In this paper, we introduce a family of inequalities, which allow testing Leggetts non-local model versus quantum physics, and which can be tested in an experiment without additional assumptions. Our experimental data falsify Leggetts model and are in agreement with quantum predictions.
We develop a theory of charge-parity-time (CPT) frameness resources to circumvent CPT-superselection. We construct and quantify such resources for spin~0, $frac{1}{2}$, 1, and Majorana particles and show that quantum information processing is possible even with CPT superselection. Our method employs a unitary representation of CPT inversion by considering the aggregate action of CPT rather than the composition of separate C, P and T operations, as some of these operations involve problematic anti-unitary representations.
A massive Goldstone (MG) mode, often referred to as a Higgs amplitude mode, is a collective excitation that arises in a system involving spontaneous breaking of a continuous symmetry, along with a gapless Nambu-Goldstone mode. It has been known in the previous studies that a pure amplitude MG mode emerges in superconductors if the dispersion of fermions exhibits the particle-hole (p-h) symmetry. However, clear understanding of the relation between the symmetry of the Hamiltonian and the MG modes has not been reached. Here we reveal the fundamental connection between the discrete symmetry of the Hamiltonian and the emergence of pure amplitude MG modes. To this end, we introduce nontrivial charge-conjugation ($mathcal C$), parity ($mathcal P$), and time-reversal ($mathcal T$) operations that involve the swapping of pairs of wave vectors symmetrical with respect to the Fermi surface. The product of $mathcal{CPT}$ (or its permutations) represents an exact symmetry analogous to the CPT theorem in the relativistic field theory. It is shown that a fermionic Hamiltonian with a p-h symmetric dispersion exhibits the discrete symmetries under $mathcal C$, $mathcal P$, $mathcal T$, and $mathcal{CPT}$. We find that in the superconducting ground state, $mathcal T$ and $mathcal P$ are spontaneously broken simultaneously with the U(1) symmetry. Moreover, we rigorously show that amplitude and phase fluctuations of the gap function are uncoupled due to the unbroken $mathcal C$. In the normal phase, the MG and NG modes become degenerate, and they have opposite parity under $mathcal T$. Therefore, we conclude that the lifting of the degeneracy in the superconducting phase and the resulting emergence of the pure amplitude MG mode can be identified as a consequence of the the spontaneous breaking of $mathcal T$ symmetry but not of $mathcal P$ or U(1).
We present a method to engineer the unitary charge conjugation operator, as given by quantum field theory, in the highly controlled context of quantum optics, thus allowing one to simulate the creation of charged particles with well-defined momenta simultaneously with their respective antiparticles. Our method relies on trapped ions driven by a laser field and interacting with a single mode of a light field in a high Q cavity.
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