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Register a new userPARTONS: PARtonic Tomography Of Nucleon Software. A computing framework for the phenomenology of Generalized Parton Distributions
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We describe the architecture and functionalities of a C++ software framework, coined PARTONS, dedicated to the phenomenology of Generalized Parton Distributions. These distributions describe the three-dimensional structure of hadrons in terms of quarks and gluons, and can be accessed in deeply exclusive lepto- or photo-production of mesons or photons. PARTONS provides a necessary bridge between models of Generalized Parton Distributions and experimental data collected in various exclusive production channels. We outline the specification of the PARTONS framework in terms of practical needs, physical content and numerical capacity. This framework will be useful for physicists - theorists or experimentalists - not only to develop new models, but also to interpret existing measurements and even design new experiments.
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The goal of the comprehensive program in Deeply Virtual Exclusive Scattering at Jefferson Laboratory is to create transverse spatial images of quarks and gluons as a function of their longitudinal momentum fraction in the proton, the neutron, and in nuclei. These functions are the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) of the target nucleus. Cross section measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) reaction {ep -> ep gamma} in Hall A support the QCD factorization of the scattering amplitude for Q^2 > 2 GeV^2. Quasi-free neutron-DVCS measurements on the Deuteron indicate sensitivity to the quark angular momentum sum rule. Fully exclusive H(e,e pgamma) measurements have been made in a wide kinematic range in CLAS with polarized beam, and with both unpolarized and longitudinally polarized targets. Existing models are qualitatively consistent with the JLab data, but there is a clear need for less constrained models. Deeply virtual vector meson production is studied in CLAS. The 12 GeV upgrade will be essential for these channels. The {rho} and {omega} channels reactions offer the prospect of flavor sensitivity to the quark GPDs, while the {phi}-production channel is dominated by the gluon distribution.
We present a comprehensive study of the lowest moments of nucleon generalized parton distributions in N_f=2+1 lattice QCD using domain wall valence quarks and improved staggered sea quarks. Our investigation includes helicity dependent and independent generalized parton distributions for pion masses as low as 350 MeV and volumes as large as (3.5 fm)^3, for a lattice spacing of 0.124 fm. We use perturbative renormalization at one-loop level with an improvement based on the non-perturbative renormalization factor for the axial vector current, and only connected diagrams are included in the isosinglet channel.
We propose and study the photoproduction of a $gamma,rho$ pair with a large invariant mass and a small transverse momentum of the final nucleon, as a way to access generalized parton distributions. In the kinematics of JLab 12-GeV, we demonstrate the feasibility of this measurement.
We present the first lattice calculation of the nucleon isovector unpolarized generalized parton distribution (GPD) at the physical pion mass using a lattice ensemble with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) generated by MILC Collaboration, with lattice spacing $aapprox 0.09$~fm and volume $64^3times 96$. We use momentum-smeared sources to improve the signal at nucleon boost momentum $P_z approx 2.2$ GeV, and report results at nonzero momentum transfers in $[0.2,1.0]text{ GeV}^2$. Nonperturbative renormalization in RI/MOM scheme is used to obtain the quasi-distribution before matching to the lightcone GPDs. The three-dimensional distributions $H(x,Q^2)$ and $E(x,Q^2)$ at $xi=0$ are presented, along with the three-dimensional nucleon tomography and impact-parameter--dependent distribution for selected Bjorken $x$ at $mu=3$ GeV in $overline{text{MS}}$ scheme.
Results from a recent analysis of the zero-skewness generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for valence quarks are reviewed. The analysis bases on a physically motivated parameterization of the GPDs with a few free parameters adjusted to the nucleon form factor data. The Fourier transforms of the GPDs representing quark densities in the impact parameter plane, as well as moments of the GPDs are also discussed. The 1/x moments in particular form the soft physics input to Compton scattering off protons within the handbag approach. The Compton cross section evaluated from this information is found to be in good agreement with experiment.
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