No Arabic abstract
An algorithm is proposed that serves to handle full rank density matrices, when coming from a lower rank method to compute the convex-roof. This is in order to calculate an upper bound for any polynomial SL invariant multipartite entanglement measure E. Here, it is exemplifyed how this algorithm works, based on a method for calculating convex-roofs of rank two density matrices. It iteratively considers the decompositions of the density matrix into two states each, exploiting the knowledge for the rank-two case. The algorithm is therefore quasi exact as far as the two rank case is concerned, and it also gives hints where it should include more states in the decomposition of the density matrix. Focusing on the threetangle, I show the results the algorithm gives for two states, one of which being the $GHZ$-Werner state, for which the exact convex roof is known. It overestimates the threetangle in the state, thereby giving insight into the optimal decomposition the $GHZ$-Werner state has. As a proof of principle, I have run the algorithm for the threetangle on the transverse quantum Ising model. I give qualitative and quantitative arguments why the convex roof should be close to the upper bound found here.
New measures of multipartite entanglement are constructed based on two definitions of multipartite information and different methods of optimizing over extensions of the states. One is a generalization of the squashed entanglement where one takes the mutual information of parties conditioned on the states extension and takes the infimum over such extensions. Additivity of the multipartite squashed entanglement is proved for bo
An SL-invariant extension of the concurrence to higher local Hilbert-space dimension is due to its relation with the determinant of the matrix of a $dtimes d$ two qudits state, which is the only SL-invariant of polynomial degree $d$. This determinant is written in terms of antilinear expectation values of the local $SL(d)$ operators. We use the permutation invariance of the comb-condition for creating further local antilinear operators which are orthogonal to the original operator. It means that the symmetric group acts transitively on the space of combs of a given order. This extends the mechanism for writing $SL(2)$-invariants for qubits to qudits. I outline the method, that in principle works for arbitrary dimension $d$, explicitely for spin 1, and spin 3/2. There is an odd-even discrepancy: whereas for half odd integer spin a situation similar to that observed for qubits is found, for integer spin the outcome is an asymmetric invariant of polynomial degree $2d$.
Applications of quantum technology often require fidelities to quantify performance. These provide a fundamental yardstick for the comparison of two quantum states. While this is straightforward in the case of pure states, it is much more subtle for the more general case of mixed quantum states often found in practice. A large number of different proposals exist. In this review, we summarize the required properties of a quantum fidelity measure, and compare them, to determine which properties each of the different measures has. We show that there are large classes of measures that satisfy all the required properties of a fidelity measure, just as there are many norms of Hilbert space operators, and many measures of entropy. We compare these fidelities, with detailed proofs of their properties. We also summarize briefly the applications of these measures in teleportation, quantum memories, quantum computers, quantum communications, and quantum phase-space simulations.
We introduce a new functional to estimate the producibility of mixed quantum states. When applicable, this functional outperforms the quantum Fisher information, and can be operatively exploited to characterize quantum states and phases by multipartite entanglement. The rationale is that producibility is expressible in terms of one- and two-point correlation functions only. This is especially valuable whenever the experimental measurements and the numerical simulation of other estimators result to be difficult, if not out of reach. We trace the theoretical usability perimeter of the new estimator and provide simulational evidence of paradigmatic spin examples.
We derive the invariant measure on the manifold of multimode quantum Gaussian states, induced by the Haar measure on the group of Gaussian unitary transformations. To this end, by introducing a bipartition of the system in two disjoint subsystems, we use a parameterization highlighting the role of nonlocal degrees of freedom -- the symplectic eigenvalues -- which characterize quantum entanglement across the given bipartition. A finite measure is then obtained by imposing a physically motivated energy constraint. By averaging over the local degrees of freedom we finally derive the invariant distribution of the symplectic eigenvalues in some cases of particular interest for applications in quantum optics and quantum information.