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Register a new userArchimedes: a feasibility study of an experiment to weigh the electromagnetic vacuum
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Added by
Giampiero Esposito Dr.
Publication date
2015
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Archimedes is a feasibility study of a future experiment to ascertain the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity. The experiment should measure the force that the earths gravitational field exerts on a Casimir cavity by using a small force detector. Here we analyse the main parameters of the experiment and we present its conceptual scheme, which overcomes in principle the most critical problems.
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Archimedes is a feasibility study to a future experiment to ascertain the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity. The future experiment should measure the force that the Earths gravitational field exerts on a Casimir cavity by using a balance as the small force detector. The Archimedes experiment analyses the important parameters in view of the final measurement and experimentally explores solutions to the most critical problems.
Archimedes is an INFN-funded pathfinder experiment aimed at verifying the feasibility of measuring the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity. The final experiment will measure the force exerted by the gravitational field on a Casimir cavity whose vacuum energy is modulated with a superconductive transition, by using a balance as a small force detector. Archimedes is a two-year project devoted to test the most critical experimental aspects, in particular the balance resonance frequency and quality factor, the thermal modulation efficiency and the superconductive sample realization.
The force exerted by the gravitational field on a Casimir cavity in terms of Archimedes force of vacuum is discussed, the force that can be tested against observation is identified, and it is shown that the present technology makes it possible to perform the first experimental tests. The use of suitable high-Tc superconductors as modulators of Archimedes force is motivated. The possibility is analyzed of using gravitational wave interferometers as detectors of the force, transported through an optical spring from the Archimedes vacuum force apparatus to the gravitational interferometer test masses to maintain the two systems well separated. The use of balances to actuate and detect the force is also analyzed, the different solutions are compared, and the most important experimental issues are discussed.
We develop a theoretical frame for the study of classical and quantum gravitational waves based on the properties of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation for a function $sigma(eta)$ of the conformal time $eta$, called the auxiliary field equation. At the classical level, $sigma(eta)$ can be expressed by means of two independent solutions of the master equation to which the perturbed Einstein equations for the gravitational waves can be reduced. At the quantum level, all the significant physical quantities can be formulated using Bogolubov transformations and the operator quadratic Hamiltonian corresponding to the classical version of a damped parametrically excited oscillator where the varying mass is replaced by the square cosmological scale factor $a^{2}(eta)$. A quantum approach to the generation of gravitational waves is proposed on the grounds of the previous $eta-$dependent Hamiltonian. An estimate in terms of $sigma(eta)$ and $a(eta)$ of the destruction of quantum coherence due to the gravitational evolution and an exact expression for the phase of a gravitational wave corresponding to any value of $eta$ are also obtained. We conclude by discussing a few applications to quasi-de Sitter and standard de Sitter scenarios.
One of the most important task in physics today is to merge quantum mechanics and general relativity into one framework. And the main barrier in this task is that we lack quantum gravitational phenomena in experiments. An important way to get quantum gravitational phenomena is to study quantum effects in a macro-scale system in which gravity will play a role. In this article, we want to study dynamics of a possible macro-scale system: liquid helium droplets with radius of 100nm under low temperature and low pressure. Our idea is to observe the interference phenomenon of this system and find the similarities and difference between it and quantum system. We gave a practical experiment design to observe the interference, including a possible method to realize an approximate square barrier. We also gave an illustration on what a quantum or a classical interferogram of our system looks like theoretically.
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