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Register a new userApplications of Physics to Archery
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H. O. Meyer
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Archery lends itself to scientific analysis. In this paper we discuss physics laws that relate to the mechanics of bow and arrow, to the shooting process and to the flight of the arrow. In parallel, we describe experiments that address these laws. The detailed results of these measurements, performed with a specific bow and arrow, provide insight into many aspects of archery and illustrate the importance of quantitative information in the scientific process. Most of the proposed experiments use only modest tools and can be carried out by archers with their own equipment.
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The tremendous popular success of Chaos Theory shares some common points with the not less fortunate Relativity: they both rely on a misunderstanding. Indeed, ironically , the scientific meaning of these terms for mathematicians and physicists is quite opposite to the one most people have in mind and are attracted by. One may suspect that part of the psychological roots of this seductive appeal relies in the fact that with these ambiguous names, together with some superficial clich{e}s or slogans immediately related to them (the butterfly effect or everything is relative), some have the more or less secret hope to find matter that would undermine two pillars of science, namely its ability to predict and to bring out a universal objectivity. Here I propose to focus on Chaos Theory and illustrate on several examples how, very much like Relativity, it strengthens the position it seems to contend with at first sight: the failure of predictability can be overcome and leads to precise, stable and even more universal predictions.
In each rowing sport, the oars have their very own characteristics most of the time selected through a long time experience. Here we address experimentally and theoretically the problem of rowing efficiency as function of row lengths and blades sizes. In contrast with previous studies which consider imposed kinematics, we set an imposed force framework which is closer to human constraints. We find that optimal row lengths and blades sizes depend on sports and athletes strength, and provide an optimisation scheme.
This article introduces into the whole section on Social Sciences, edited by A. Nowak for this Encyclopedia, concentrating on the applications of mathematics and physics. Here under mathematics we include also all computer simulations if they are not taken from physics, while physics applications include simulations of models which basically existed already in physics before they were applied to social simulations. Thus obviously there is no sharp border between applications from physics and from mathematics in the sense of our definition. Also social science is not defined precisely. We will include some economics as well as some linguistics, but not social insects or fish swarms, nor human epidemics or demography. Also, we mention not only this section by also the section on agent-based modelling edited by F. Castiglione as containing articles of social interest.
In these lectures, I present several important applications of QCD sum rules to the decay processes involving heavy-flavour hadrons. The first lecture is introductory. As a study case, the sum rules for decay constants of the heavy-light mesons are considered. They are relevant for the leptonic decays of $B$-mesons. In the second lecture I describe the method of QCD light-cone sum rules used to calculate the heavy-to-light form factors at large hadronic recoil, such as the $Bto pi ell u_ell$ form factors. In the third lecture, the nonlocal hadronic amplitudes in the flavour-changing neutral current decays $Bto K^{(*)}ellell$ are discussed. Light-cone sum rules provide important nonfactorizable contributions to these amplitudes.
Here I indulge in wide-ranging speculations on the shape of physics, and technology closely related to physics, over the next one hundred years. Themes include the many faces of unification, the re-imagining of quantum theory, and new forms of engineering on small, intermediate, and large scales.
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