No Arabic abstract
We develop coarse-graining tensor renormalization group algorithms to compute physical properties of two-dimensional lattice models on finite periodic lattices. Two different coarse-graining strategies, one based on the tensor renormalization group and the other based on the higher-order tensor renormalization group, are introduced. In order to optimize the tensor-network model globally, a sweeping scheme is proposed to account for the renormalization effect from the environment tensors under the framework of second renormalization group. We demonstrate the algorithms by the classical Ising model on the square lattice and the Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice, and show that the finite-size algorithms achieve substantially more accurate results than the corresponding infinite-size ones.
We propose a second renormalization group method to handle the tensor-network states or models. This method reduces dramatically the truncation error of the tensor renormalization group. It allows physical quantities of classical tensor-network models or tensor-network ground states of quantum systems to be accurately and efficiently determined.
Techniques for approximately contracting tensor networks are limited in how efficiently they can make use of parallel computing resources. In this work we demonstrate and characterize a Monte Carlo approach to the tensor network renormalization group method which can be used straightforwardly on modern computing architectures. We demonstrate the efficiency of the technique and show that Monte Carlo tensor network renormalization provides an attractive path to improving the accuracy of a wide class of challenging computations while also providing useful estimates of uncertainty and a statistical guarantee of unbiased results.
Using concepts from integral geometry, we propose a definition for a local coarse-grained curvature tensor that is well-defined on polygonal surfaces. This coarse-grained curvature tensor shows fast convergence to the curvature tensor of smooth surfaces, capturing with accuracy not only the principal curvatures but also the principal directions of curvature. Thanks to the additivity of the integrated curvature tensor, coarse-graining procedures can be implemented to compute it over arbitrary patches of polygons. When computed for a closed surface, the integrated curvature tensor is identical to a rank-2 Minkowski tensor. We also provide an algorithm to extend an existing C++ package, that can be used to compute efficiently local curvature tensors on triangulated surfaces.
We discuss in detail algorithms for implementing tensor network renormalization (TNR) for the study of classical statistical and quantum many-body systems. Firstly, we recall established techniques for how the partition function of a 2D classical many-body system or the Euclidean path integral of a 1D quantum system can be represented as a network of tensors, before describing how TNR can be implemented to efficiently contract the network via a sequence of coarse-graining transformations. The efficacy of the TNR approach is then benchmarked for the 2D classical statistical and 1D quantum Ising models; in particular the ability of TNR to maintain a high level of accuracy over sustained coarse-graining transformations, even at a critical point, is demonstrated.
We have proposed a novel numerical method to calculate accurately the physical quantities of the ground state with the tensor-network wave function in two dimensions. We determine the tensor network wavefunction by a projection approach which applies iteratively the Trotter-Suzuki decomposition of the projection operator and the singular value decomposition of matrix. The norm of the wavefunction and the expectation value of a physical observable are evaluated by a coarse grain renormalization group approach. Our method allows a tensor-network wavefunction with a high bond degree of freedom (such as D=8) to be handled accurately and efficiently in the thermodynamic limit. For the Heisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice, our results for the ground state energy and the staggered magnetization agree well with those obtained by the quantum Monte Carlo and other approaches.