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Register a new userSymbiotic stars in the Local Group of Galaxies
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Added by
Joanna Mikolajewska
Publication date
2015
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Preliminary results of the ongoing search for symbiotic binary stars in the Local Group of Galaxies are presented and discussed.
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The Local Group Census is a narrow- and broad-band survey of all the galaxies of the Local Group above dec = -30 deg, in progress at the 2.5m Isaac Newton telescope on La Palma. We discuss here the ability of the survey to detect symbiotic star candidates in the Local Group, by deriving detection limits in each of the narrow- and broad-band frames used in the survey, and by estimating the total number of objects expected in each galaxy. We present two diagnostic diagrams, based on the adopted photometric filters, to discriminate between symbiotic stars and other emission-line objects such as planetary nebulae.
This paper shows a technique for searching for bright massive stars in galaxies beyond the Local Group. To search for massive stars, we used the results of stellar photometry of the Hubble Space Telescope images using the DAOPHOT and DOLPHOT packages. The results of such searches are shown on the example of the galaxies DDO68, M94 and NGC1672. In the galaxy DDO68 the LBV star changes its brightness, and in M94 massive stars can be identified by the excess in the H${alpha}$ band. For the galaxy NGC1672, we measured the distance for the first time by the TRGB method, which made it possible to determine the luminosities of the brightest stars, likely hypergiants, in the young star formation region. So far we have performed stellar photometry of HST images of 320 northern sky galaxies located at a distance below 12Mpc. This allowed us to identify 53 galaxies with probable hypergiants. Further photometric and spectral observations of these galaxies are planned to search for massive stars.
We study the Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxy population predicted by the apostle $Lambda$CDM cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. These indicate that: (i)~the total mass within $3$ Mpc of the Milky Way-Andromeda midpoint ($M_{rm 3Mpc}$) typically exceeds $sim 3$ times the sum of the virial masses ($M_{rm 200crit}$) of the two primaries and (ii)~the dwarf galaxy formation efficiency per unit mass is uniform throughout the volume. This suggests that the satellite population within the virial radii of the Milky Way and Andromeda should make up fewer than one third of all LG dwarfs within $3$ Mpc. This is consistent with the fraction of observed LG galaxies with stellar mass $M_*>10^7,M_{odot}$ that are satellites ($12$ out of $42$; i.e., $28$ per cent). For the apostle galaxy mass-halo mass relation, the total number of such galaxies further suggests a LG mass of $M_{rm 3 Mpc}sim 10^{13} , M_{odot}$. At lower galaxy masses, however, the observed satellite fraction is substantially higher ($42$ per cent for $M_*>10^5,M_{odot}$). If this is due to incompleteness in the field sample, then $sim 50$ dwarf galaxies at least as massive as the Draco dwarf spheroidal must be missing from the current LG {it field} dwarf inventory. The incompleteness interpretation is supported by the pronounced flattening of the LG luminosity function below $M_*sim 10^7, M_{odot}$, and by the scarcity of low-surface brightness LG field galaxies compared to satellites. The simulations indicate that most missing dwarfs should lie near the virial boundaries of the two LG primaries, and predict a trove of nearby dwarfs that await discovery by upcoming wide-field imaging surveys.
The population of nearby dwarf galaxies in the Local Group constitutes a complete galactic environment, perfect suited for studying the connection between stellar populations and galaxy evolution. In this study, we are conducting an optical monitoring survey of the majority of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group, with the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT), to identify long period variable stars (LPVs). These stars are at the end points of their evolution and therefore their luminosity can be directly translated into their birth masses; this enables us to reconstruct the star formation history. By the end of the monitoring survey, we will have performed observations over ten epochs, spaced approximately three months apart, and identified long period, dust-producing AGB stars; five epochs of data have been obtained already. LPVs are also the main source of dust; in combination with Spitzer Space Telescope images at mid-IR wavelengths we will quantify the mass loss, and provide a detailed map of the mass feedback into the interstellar medium. We will also use the amplitudes in different optical passbands to determine the radius variations of the stars, and relate this to their mass loss.
We investigate the star formation history and chemical evolution of isolated analogues of Local Group (LG) ultra faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs; stellar mass range of 10^2 solar mass < M_star <10^5 solar mass) and gas rich, low mass dwarfs (Leo P analogs; stellar mass range of 10^5 solar mass < M_star <10^6 solar mass). We perform a suite of cosmological hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations to follow their evolution from the era of the first generation of stars down to z=0. We confirm that reionization, combined with supernova (SN) feedback, is primarily responsible for the truncated star formation in UFDs. Specifically, haloes with a virial mass of M_vir < 2 x 10^9 solar mass form> 90% of stars prior to reionization. Our work further demonstrates the importance of Population~III (Pop~III) stars, with their intrinsically high $rm [C/Fe]$ yields, and the associated external metal-enrichment, in producing low-metallicity stars ($rm [Fe/H]lesssim-4$) and carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. We find that UFDs are composite systems, assembled from multiple progenitor haloes, some of which hosted only Population~II (Pop~II) stars formed in environments externally enriched by SNe in neighboring haloes, naturally producing, extremely low-metallicity Pop~II stars. We illustrate how the simulated chemical enrichment may be used to constrain the star formation histories (SFHs) of true observed UFDs. We find that Leo P analogs can form in haloes with M_vir ~ 4 x 10^9 solar mass (z=0). Such systems are less affected by reionization and continue to form stars until z=0, causing higher metallicity tails. Finally, we predict the existence of extremely low-metallicity stars in LG UFD galaxies that preserve the pure chemical signatures of Pop~III nucleosynthesis.
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