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Register a new user$Btopiellell$ form factors for new-physics searches from lattice QCD
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The rare decay $Btopiell^+ell^-$ arises from $bto d$ flavor-changing neutral currents and could be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Here, we present the first $ab$-$initio$ QCD calculation of the $Btopi$ tensor form factor $f_T$. Together with the vector and scalar form factors $f_+$ and $f_0$ from our companion work [J. A. Bailey $et~al.$, Phys. Rev. D 92, 014024 (2015)], these parameterize the hadronic contribution to $Btopi$ semileptonic decays in any extension of the Standard Model. We obtain the total branching ratio ${text{BR}}(B^+topi^+mu^+mu^-)=20.4(2.1)times10^{-9}$ in the Standard Model, which is the most precise theoretical determination to date, and agrees with the recent measurement from the LHCb experiment [R. Aaij $et~al.$, JHEP 1212, 125 (2012)]. Note added: after this paper was submitted for publication, LHCb announced a new measurement of the differential decay rate for this process [T. Tekampe, talk at DPF 2015], which we now compare to the shape and normalization of the Standard-Model prediction.
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We calculate, for the first time using unquenched lattice QCD form factors, the Standard Model differential branching fractions $dB/dq^2(B to Kll)$ for $l=e, mu, tau$ and compare with experimental measurements by Belle, BABAR, CDF, and LHCb. We report on $mathcal{B}(B to Kll)$ in $q^2$ bins used by experiment and predict $mathcal{B}(B to K tau tau) = (1.44 pm 0.15) 10^{-7}$. We also calculate the ratio of branching fractions $R^mu_e = 1.00023(63)$ and predict $R^tau_l = 1.159(40)$, for $l=e, mu$. Finally, we calculate the flat term in the angular distribution of the differential decay rate $F_H^{e, mu, tau}$ in experimentally motivated $q^2$ bins.
We present the N_f=2+1 clover fermion lattice QCD calculation of the nucleon strangeness form factors. We evaluate disconnected insertions using the Z(4) stochastic method, along with unbiased subtractions from the hopping parameter expansion. We find that increasing the number of nucleon sources for each configuration improves the signal significantly. We obtain G_M^s(0) = -0.017(25)(07), where the first error is statistical, and the second is the uncertainties in Q^2 and chiral extrapolations. This is consistent with experimental values, and has an order of magnitude smaller error.
The semileptonic decay channel B -> D tau nu is sensitive to the presence of a scalar current, such as that mediated by a charged-Higgs boson. Recently the BaBar experiment reported the first observation of the exclusive semileptonic decay B -> D tau nu, finding an approximately 2-sigma disagreement with the Standard-Model prediction for the ratio R(D)=BR(B->D tau nu)/BR(B->D l nu), where l=e,mu. We compute this ratio of branching fractions using hadronic form factors computed in unquenched lattice QCD and obtain R(D) = 0.316(12)(7), where the errors are statistical and total systematic, respectively. This result is the first Standard-Model calculation of R(D) from ab initio full QCD. Its error is smaller than that of previous estimates, primarily due to the reduced uncertainty in the scalar form factor f_0(q^2). Our determination of R(D) is approximately 1-sigma higher than previous estimates and, thus, reduces the tension with experiment. We also compute R(D) in models with electrically charged scalar exchange, such as the type II two-Higgs doublet model. Once again, our result is consistent with, but approximately 1-sigma higher than, previous estimates for phenomenologically relevant values of the scalar coupling in the type II model. As a byproduct of our calculation, we also present the Standard-Model prediction for the longitudinal polarization ratio P_L (D)= 0.325(4)(3).
We sketch the basic ideas of the lattice regularization in Quantum Field Theory, the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations, and applications to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This approach enables the numerical measurement of observables at the non-perturbative level. We comment on selected results, with a focus on hadron masses and the link to Chiral Perturbation Theory. At last we address two outstanding issues: topological freezing and the sign problem.
Precision computation of hadronic physics with lattice QCD is becoming feasible. The last decade has seen percent-level calculations of many simple properties of mesons, and the last few years have seen calculations of baryon masses, including the nucleon mass, accurate to a few percent. As computational power increases and algorithms advance, the precise calculation of a variety of more demanding hadronic properties will become realistic. With this in mind, I discuss the current lattice QCD calculations of generalized parton distributions with an emphasis on the prospects for well-controlled calculations for these observables as well. I will do this by way of several examples: the pion and nucleon form factors and moments of the nucleon parton and generalized-parton distributions.
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