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Register a new userRankMap: A Platform-Aware Framework for Distributed Learning from Dense Datasets
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Added by
Azalia Mirhoseini
Publication date
2015
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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This paper introduces RankMap, a platform-aware end-to-end framework for efficient execution of a broad class of iterative learning algorithms for massive and dense datasets. Our framework exploits data structure to factorize it into an ensemble of lower rank subspaces. The factorization creates sparse low-dimensional representations of the data, a property which is leveraged to devise effective mapping and scheduling of iterative learning algorithms on the distributed computing machines. We provide two APIs, one matrix-based and one graph-based, which facilitate automated adoption of the framework for performing several contemporary learning applications. To demonstrate the utility of RankMap, we solve sparse recovery and power iteration problems on various real-world datasets with up to 1.8 billion non-zeros. Our evaluations are performed on Amazon EC2 and IBM iDataPlex servers using up to 244 cores. The results demonstrate up to two orders of magnitude improvements in memory usage, execution speed, and bandwidth compared with the best reported prior work, while achieving the same level of learning accuracy.
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This paper presents BigDL (a distributed deep learning framework for Apache Spark), which has been used by a variety of users in the industry for building deep learning applications on production big data platforms. It allows deep learning applications to run on the Apache Hadoop/Spark cluster so as to directly process the production data, and as a part of the end-to-end data analysis pipeline for deployment and management. Unlike existing deep learning frameworks, BigDL implements distributed, data parallel training directly on top of the functional compute model (with copy-on-write and coarse-grained operations) of Spark. We also share real-world experience and war stories of users that have adopted BigDL to address their challenges(i.e., how to easily build end-to-end data analysis and deep learning pipelines for their production data).
Deep learning (DL) is becoming increasingly popular in several application domains and has made several new application features involving computer vision, speech recognition and synthesis, self-driving automobiles, drug design, etc. feasible and accurate. As a result, large scale on-premise and cloud-hosted deep learning platforms have become essential infrastructure in many organizations. These systems accept, schedule, manage and execute DL training jobs at scale. This paper describes the design, implementation and our experiences with FfDL, a DL platform used at IBM. We describe how our design balances dependability with scalability, elasticity, flexibility and efficiency. We examine FfDL qualitatively through a retrospective look at the lessons learned from building, operating, and supporting FfDL; and quantitatively through a detailed empirical evaluation of FfDL, including the overheads introduced by the platform for various deep learning models, the load and performance observed in a real case study using FfDL within our organization, the frequency of various faults observed including unanticipated faults, and experiments demonstrating the benefits of various scheduling policies. FfDL has been open-sourced.
Deep learning (DL), a form of machine learning, is becoming increasingly popular in several application domains. As a result, cloud-based Deep Learning as a Service (DLaaS) platforms have become an essential infrastructure in many organizations. These systems accept, schedule, manage and execute DL training jobs at scale. This paper explores dependability in the context of a DLaaS platform used in IBM. We begin by explaining how DL training workloads are different, and what features ensure dependability in this context. We then describe the architecture, design and implementation of a cloud-based orchestration system for DL training. We show how this system has been architected with dependability in mind while also being horizontally scalable, elastic, flexible and efficient. We also present an initial empirical evaluation of the overheads introduced by our platform, and discuss tradeoffs between efficiency and dependability.
Machine learning (ML) tasks are becoming ubiquitous in todays network applications. Federated learning has emerged recently as a technique for training ML models at the network edge by leveraging processing capabilities across the nodes that collect the data. There are several challenges with employing conventional federated learning in contemporary networks, due to the significant heterogeneity in compute and communication capabilities that exist across devices. To address this, we advocate a new learning paradigm called fog learning which will intelligently distribute ML model training across the continuum of nodes from edge devices to cloud servers. Fog learning enhances federated learning along three major dimensions: network, heterogeneity, and proximity. It considers a multi-layer hybrid learning framework consisting of heterogeneous devices with various proximities. It accounts for the topology structures of the local networks among the heterogeneous nodes at each network layer, orchestrating them for collaborative/cooperative learning through device-to-device (D2D) communications. This migrates from star network topologies used for parameter transfers in federated learning to more distributed topologies at scale. We discuss several open research directions to realizing fog learning.
Several recently devised machine learning (ML) algorithms have shown improved accuracy for various predictive problems. Model searches, which explore to find an optimal ML algorithm and hyperparameter values for the target problem, play a critical role in such improvements. During a model search, data scientists typically use multiple ML implementations to construct several predictive models; however, it takes significant time and effort to employ multiple ML implementations due to the need to learn how to use them, prepare input data in several different formats, and compare their outputs. Our proposed framework addresses these issues by providing simple and unified coding method. It has been designed with the following two attractive features: i) new machine learning implementations can be added easily via common interfaces between the framework and ML implementations and ii) it can be scaled to handle large model configuration search spaces via profile-based scheduling. The results of our evaluation indicate that, with our framework, implementers need only write 55-144 lines of code to add a new ML implementation. They also show that ours was the fastest framework for the HIGGS dataset, and the second-fastest for the SECOM dataset.
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