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Register a new userAn eclipsing post common-envelope system consisting of a pulsating hot subdwarf B star and a brown dwarf companion
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Veronika Schaffenroth
Publication date
2015
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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Hot subdwarf B stars (sdBs) are evolved, core helium-burning objects located on the extreme horizontal branch. Their formation history is still puzzling as the sdB progenitors must lose nearly all of their hydrogen envelope during the red-giant phase. About half of the known sdBs are in close binaries with periods from 1.2 h to a few days, a fact that implies they experienced a common-envelope phase. Eclipsing hot subdwarf binaries (also called HW Virginis systems) are rare but important objects for determining fundamental stellar parameters. Even more significant and uncommon are those binaries containing a pulsating sdB, as the mass can be determined independently by asteroseismology. Here we present a first analysis of the eclipsing hot subdwarf binary V2008-1753. The light curve shows a total eclipse, a prominent reflection effect, and low--amplitude pulsations with periods from 150 to 180 s. An analysis of the light-- and radial velocity (RV) curves indicates a mass ratio close to $ q = 0.146$, an RV semi-amplitude of $K=54.6 ,rm kms^{-1}$, and an inclination of $i=86.8^circ$. Combining these results with our spectroscopic determination of the surface gravity, $log ,g = 5.83$, the best--fitting model yields an sdB mass of 0.47$M_{rm odot}$ and a companion mass of $69 M_{rm Jup}$. As the latter mass is below the hydrogen-burning limit, V2008-1753 represents the first HW Vir system known consisting of a pulsating sdB and a brown dwarf companion. Consequently, it holds great potential for better constraining models of sdB binary evolution and asteroseismology.
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Hot subdwarf B stars (sdBs) are extreme horizontal branch stars believed to originate from close binary evolution. Indeed about half of the known sdB stars are found in close binaries with periods ranging from a few hours to a few days. The enormous mass loss required to remove the hydrogen envelope of the red-giant progenitor almost entirely can be explained by common envelope ejection. A rare subclass of these binaries are the eclipsing HW Vir binaries where the sdB is orbited by a dwarf M star. Here we report the discovery of an HW Vir system in the course of the MUCHFUSS project. A most likely substellar object ($simeq0.068,M_{rm odot}$) was found to orbit the hot subdwarf J08205+0008 with a period of 0.096 days. Since the eclipses are total, the system parameters are very well constrained. J08205+0008 has the lowest unambiguously measured companion mass yet found in a subdwarf B binary. This implies that the most likely substellar companion has not only survived the engulfment by the red-giant envelope, but also triggered its ejection and enabled the sdB star to form. The system provides evidence that brown dwarfs may indeed be able to significantly affect late stellar evolution.
We present the discovery of the hot subdwarf B star (sdB) binary PTF1 J082340.04+081936.5. The system has an orbital period P$_{rm orb}=87.49668(1)$ min (0.060761584(10) days), making it the second-most compact sdB binary known. The lightcurve shows ellipsoidal variations. Under the assumption that the sdB primary is synchronized with the orbit, we find a mass $M_{rm sdB}=0.45^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ M$_odot$, a companion white dwarf mass $M_{rm WD}=0.46^{+0.12}_{-0.09}$ M$_odot$ and a mass ratio $q = frac{M_{rm WD}}{M_{rm sdB}}=1.03^{+0.10}_{-0.08}$. The future evolution was calculated using the MESA stellar evolution code. Adopting a canonical sdB mass of $M_{rm sdB}=0.47$ M$_odot$, we find that the sdB still burns helium at the time it will fill its Roche lobe if the orbital period was less than 106 min at the exit from the last common envelope phase. For longer common envelope exit periods the sdB will have stopped burning helium and turned into a C/O white dwarf at the time of contact. Comparing the spectroscopically derived log(g) and $T_{rm eff}$ with our MESA models, we find that an sdB model with a hydrogen envelope mass of $5times10^{-4} M_odot$ matches the measurements at a post-common envelope age of 94 Myr, corresponding to a post-common envelope orbital period of 109 min which is close to the limit to start accretion while the sdB is still burning helium.
We present the discovery of thisstar (HD 58730), a very low mass ratio ($q equiv M_2/M_1 approx 0.07$) eclipsing binary (EB) identified by the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) survey. We present the discovery light curve and perform a global analysis of four high-precision ground-based light curves, the Transiting Exoplanets Survey Satellite (TESS) light curve, radial velocity (RV) measurements, Doppler Tomography (DT) measurements, and the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED). Results from the global analysis are consistent with a fully convective ($M_2 = 0.22 pm 0.02 M_{odot})$ M star transiting a late-B primary ($M_1 = 3.34^{+0.07}_{-0.09} M_{odot}; T_{rm eff,1} = 11960^{+430}_{-520} {rm K}$). We infer that the primary star is $183_{-30}^{+33}$ Myr old and that the companion stars radius is inflated by $26 pm 8%$ relative to the predicted value from a low-mass isochrone of similar age. We separately and analytically fit for the variability in the out-of-eclipse TESS phase curve, finding good agreement between the resulting stellar parameters and those from the global fit. Such systems are valuable for testing theories of binary star formation and understanding how the environment of a star in a close-but-detached binary affects its physical properties. In particular, we examine how a stars properties in such a binary might differ from the properties it would have in isolation.
We present a timing analysis of the eclipsing post-common envelope binary (PCEB) DE CVn. Based on new CCD photometric observations and the published data, we found that the orbital period in DE CVn has a cyclic period oscillation with an amplitude of $28.08$ s and a period of $11.22$ years plus a rapid period decrease at a rate of $dot{P}=-3.35times10^{-11}ss^{-1}$. According to the evolutionary theory, secular period decreases in PCEBs arise from angular momentum losses (AMLs) driven by gravitational radiation (GR) and magnetic braking (MB). However, the observed orbital decay is too fast to be produced by AMLs via GR and MB, indicating that there could be other AML mechanism. We suggest that a circumbinary disk around DE CVn may be responsible for the additional AML. The disk mass was derived as a few$times$$10^{-4}$-$10^{-3}$$M_{odot}$ , which is in agreement with that inferred from previous studies in the order of magnitude. The cyclic change is most likely result of the gravitational perturbation by a circumbinary object due to the Applegates mechanism fails to explain such a large period oscillation. The mass of the potential third body is calculated as $M_{3}sin{i}=0.011(pm0.003)M_{odot}$. Supposing the circumbinary companion and the eclipsing binary is coplanar, its mass would correspond to a giant planet. This hypothetical giant planet is moving in a circular orbit of radius $sim5.75(pm2.02)$ AU around its host star.
AA Dor (LB 3459) is an eclipsing, close, single-lined, post common-envelope binary (PCEB) consisting of an sdOB primary star and an unseen secondary with an extraordinary small mass - formally a brown dwarf. The brown dwarf may have been a former planet which survived a common envelope phase and has even gained mass. A recent determination of the components masses from results of state-of-the-art NLTE spectral analysis and subsequent comparison to evolutionary tracks shows a discrepancy between masses derived from radial-velocity and the eclipse curves. Phase-resolved high-resolution and high-SN spectroscopy was carried out with FUSE in order to investigate on this problem. We present preliminary results of an ongoing NLTE spectral analysis of FUSE spectra of the primary.
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