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Register a new userThe eclipsing binary HS0705+6700 and the search for circumbinary objects
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HS0705+6700 (also identified as V470 Cam) is a short period (2.3 h) post common envelope detached eclipsing sdB binary system which exhibits transit time variations (TTVs) of a cyclical nature. We report a further 25 timings of light minima and show that our new TTVs support and extend this cyclical pattern to 1.6 periods. We examine possible causes of the observed TTVs and confirm that the presence of a third, and possibly a fourth, body could provide an elegant explanation of these cyclical variations. However other non-circumbinary mechanisms, e.g. Applegate magnetic dynamo effects, will remain possible contenders until sufficient data has been accumulated to demonstrate that the periodicity of the TTVs is time independent.
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We report new mid-eclipse times of the two close binaries NSVS14256825 and HS0705+6700, harboring an sdB primary and a low-mass main-sequence secondary. Both objects display clear variations in the measured orbital period, which can be explained by the action of a third object orbiting the binary. If this interpretation is correct, the third object in NSVS14256825 is a giant planet with a mass of roughly 12 M_Jup. For HS0705+6700, we provide evidence that strengthens the case for the suggested periodic nature of the eclipse time variation and reduces the uncertainties in the parameters of the brown dwarf implied by that model. The derived period is 8.4 yr and the mass is 31 M_Jup, if the orbit is coplanar with the binary. This research is part of the PlanetFinders project, an ongoing collaboration between professional astronomers and student groups at high schools.
We calculate the flux received from a binary system obscured by a circumbinary disc. The disc is modelled using two dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, and the vertical structure is derived by assuming it is isothermal. The gravitational torque from the binary creates a cavity in the discs inner parts. If the line of sight along which the system is observed has a high inclination $I$, it intersects the disc and some absorption is produced. As the system is not axisymmetric, the resulting light curve displays variability. We calculate the absorption and produce light curves for different values of the dust disc aspect ratio $H/r$ and mass of dust in the cavity $M_{rm dust}$. This model is applied to the high inclination ($I=85^{circ}$) eclipsing binary CoRoT 223992193, which shows 5-10% residual photometric variability after the eclipses and a spot model are subtracted. We find that such variations for $I sim 85^{circ}$ can be obtained for $H/r=10^{-3}$ and $M_{rm dust} ge 10^{-12}$ M$_{odot}$. For higher $H/r$, $M_{rm dust}$ would have to be close to this lower value and $I$ somewhat less than $85^{circ}$. Our results show that such variability in a system where the stars are at least 90% visible at all phases can be obtained only if absorption is produced by dust located inside the cavity. If absorption is dominated by the parts of the disc located close to or beyond the edge of the cavity, the stars are significantly obscured.
By using six new determined mid-eclipse times together with those collected from the literature, we found that the Observed-Calculated (O-C) curve of RR Cae shows a cyclic change with a period of 11.9 years and an amplitude of 14.3s, while it undergoes an upward parabolic variation (revealing a long-term period increase at a rate of dP/dt =+4.18(+-0.20)x10^(-12). The cyclic change was analyzed for the light-travel time effect that arises from the gravitational influence of a third companion. The mass of the third body was determined to be M_3*sin i = 4.2(+-0.4) M_{Jup} suggesting that it is a circumbinary giant planet when its orbital inclination is larger than 17.6 degree. The orbital separation of the circumbinary planet from the central eclipsing binary is about 5.3(+-0.6)AU. The period increase is opposite to the changes caused by angular momentum loss via magnetic braking or/and gravitational radiation, nor can it be explained by the mass transfer between both components because of its detached configuration. These indicate that the observed upward parabolic change is only a part of a long-period (longer than 26.3 years) cyclic variation, which may reveal the presence of another giant circumbinary planet in a wide orbit.
Eclipse time variations have been detected in a number of post common envelope binary systems consisting of a subdwarf B star or white dwarf primary star and cool M type or brown dwarf secondary. In this paper we consider circumbinary hypotheses of two sdB systems, HS 0705+6700 (also known as V470 Cam) and NSVS 14256825 and one white dwarf system, NN Ser. In addition, and for comparison purposes, we investigate the eclipse time variations of the W UMa system NSVS 01286630 with its stellar circumbinary companion. All four systems have claims of circumbinary objects with computed physical and orbital parameters. We report 108 new observations of minima for these four eclipsing systems observed between 2017 May and 2019 September and combining these with all published data, we investigate how well the published circumbinary object hypotheses fit with our new data. Our new data has shown departure from early predictions for three of the four systems, but it is premature to conclude that these results rule out the presence of circumbinary objects. There is also the possibility (but with no observational proof so far) of detecting close-in transiting circumbinary objects around these systems but these are likely to have periods of days rather than years.
We present a timing analysis of the eclipsing post-common envelope binary (PCEB) DE CVn. Based on new CCD photometric observations and the published data, we found that the orbital period in DE CVn has a cyclic period oscillation with an amplitude of $28.08$ s and a period of $11.22$ years plus a rapid period decrease at a rate of $dot{P}=-3.35times10^{-11}ss^{-1}$. According to the evolutionary theory, secular period decreases in PCEBs arise from angular momentum losses (AMLs) driven by gravitational radiation (GR) and magnetic braking (MB). However, the observed orbital decay is too fast to be produced by AMLs via GR and MB, indicating that there could be other AML mechanism. We suggest that a circumbinary disk around DE CVn may be responsible for the additional AML. The disk mass was derived as a few$times$$10^{-4}$-$10^{-3}$$M_{odot}$ , which is in agreement with that inferred from previous studies in the order of magnitude. The cyclic change is most likely result of the gravitational perturbation by a circumbinary object due to the Applegates mechanism fails to explain such a large period oscillation. The mass of the potential third body is calculated as $M_{3}sin{i}=0.011(pm0.003)M_{odot}$. Supposing the circumbinary companion and the eclipsing binary is coplanar, its mass would correspond to a giant planet. This hypothetical giant planet is moving in a circular orbit of radius $sim5.75(pm2.02)$ AU around its host star.
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