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Register a new userParadoxes of cosmological physics in the beginning of the 21-st century
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Authors
Yurij Baryshev
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In the history of cosmology physical paradoxes played important role for development of contemporary world models. Within the modern standard cosmological model there are both observational and conceptual cosmological paradoxes which stimulate to search their solution. Confrontation of theoretical predictions of the standard cosmological model with the latest astrophysical observational data is considered. A review of conceptual problems of the Friedmann space expending models, which are in the bases of modern cosmological model, is discussed. The main paradoxes, which are discussed in modern literature, are the Newtonian character of the exact Friedmann equation, the violation of the energy conservation within any comoving local volume, violation of the limiting recession velocity of galaxies for the observed high redshift objects. Possible observational tests of the nature of the cosmological redshift are discussed
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This paper, which is meant to be a tribute to Minkowskis geometrical insight, rests on the idea that the basic observed symmetries of spacetime homogeneity and of isotropy of space, which are displayed by the spacetime manifold in the limiting situation in which the effects of gravity can be neglected, leads to a formulation of special relativity based on the appearance of two universal constants: a limiting speed $c$ and a cosmological constant $Lambda$ which measures a residual curvature of the universe, which is not ascribable to the distribution of matter-energy. That these constants should exist is an outcome of the underlying symmetries and is confirmed by experiments and observations, which furnish their actual values. Specifically, it turns out on these foundations that the kinematical group of special relativity is the de Sitter group $dS(c,Lambda)=SO(1,4)$. On this basis, we develop at an elementary classical and, hopefully, sufficiently didactical level the main aspects of the theory of special relativity based on SO(1,4) (de Sitter relativity). As an application, we apply the formalism to an intrinsic formulation of point particle kinematics describing both inertial motion and particle collisions and decays.
A short autobiography written for a centennial party.
Some known relativistic paradoxes are reconsidered for closed spaces, using a simple geometric model. For two twins in a closed space, a real paradox seems to emerge when the traveling twin is moving uniformly along a geodesic and returns to the starting point without turning back. Accordingly, the reference frames (RF) of both twins seem to be equivalent, which makes the twin paradox irresolvable: each twin can claim to be at rest and therefore to have aged more than the partner upon their reunion. In reality, the paradox has the resolution in this case as well. Apart from distinction between the two RF with respect to actual forces in play, they can be distinguished by clock synchronization. A closed space singles out a truly stationary RF with single-valued global time; in all other frames, time is not a single-valued parameter. This implies that even uniform motion along a spatial geodesic in a compact space is not truly inertial, and there is an effective force on an object in such motion. Therefore, the traveling twin will age less upon circumnavigation than the stationary one, just as in flat space-time. Ironically, Relativity in this case emerges free of paradoxes at the price of bringing back the pre-Galilean concept of absolute rest. An example showing the absence of paradoxes is also considered for a more realistic case of a time-evolving closed space.
The matter-antimatter asymmetry problem, corresponding to the virtual nonexistence of antimatter in the universe, is one of the greatest mysteries of cosmology. Within the framework of the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, it is demonstrated that the matter-antimatter asymmetry problem may be understood in terms of the composite leptons and quarks of the GM. It is concluded that there is essentially no matter-antimatter asymmetry in the present universe and that the observed hydrogen-antihydrogen asymmetry may be understood in terms of statistical fluctuations associated with the complex many-body processes involved in the formation of either a hydrogen atom or an antihydrogen atom.
Quantum mechanics take the sum of first finite order approximate solutions of time-dependent perturbation to substitute the exact solution. From the point of mathematics, it may be correct only in the convergent region of the time-dependent perturbation series. Where is the convergent region of this series? Quantum mechanics did not answer this problem. However it is relative to the question, can we use the Schrodinger equation to describe the transition processes? So it is the most important unsettling problem of physical theory. We find out the time-dependent approximate solution for arbitrary and the exact solution. Then we can prove that: (1) In the neighborhood of the conservation of energy, the series is divergent. The basic error of quantum mechanics is using the sum of the first finite orders approximate solutions to substitute the exact solution in this divergent region. It leads to an infinite error. So the Fermi golden rule is not a mathematically reasonable inference of the. Schrodinger equation (2) The transiton probability per unit time deduced from the exact solution of Schrodinger equation cannot describe the transition processes. This paper is only a prime discussion.
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