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Register a new userModelling hadronic interactions in HEP MC generators
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Peter Skands
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HEP event generators aim to describe high-energy collisions in full exclusive detail. They combine perturbative matrix elements and parton showers with dynamical models of less well-understood phenomena such as hadronization, diffraction, and the so-called underlying event. We briefly summarise some of the main concepts relevant to the modelling of soft/inclusive hadron interactions in MC generators, in particular PYTHIA, with emphasis on questions recently highlighted by LHC data.
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We present an improvement of the MC event generator Herwiri2, where we recall the latter MC was a prototype for the inclusion of CEEX resummed EW corrections in hadron-hadron scattering at high cms energies. In this improvement the new exact ${cal O}(alpha^2L)$ resummed EW generator ${cal{KK}}$ MC 4.22, featuring as it does the CEEX realization of resummation in the EW sector, is put in union with the Herwig parton shower environment. The {rm LHE} format of the attendant output event file means that all other conventional parton shower environments are available to the would-be user of the resulting new MC. For this reason (and others -- see the text) we henceforth refer to the new improvement of the Herwiri2 MC as ${cal{KK}}text{MC-hh}$. Since this new MC features exact ${cal O}(alpha)$ pure weak corrections from the DIZET EW library and features the CEEX and the EEX YFS-style resummation of large multiple photon effects, it provides already the concrete path to 0.05% precision on such effects if we focus on the EW effects themselves. We therefore show predictions for observable distributions and comparisons with other approaches in the literature. This MC represents an important step in the realization of the exact amplitude-based $QEDotimes QCD$ resummation paradigm. Independently of this latter observation, the MC rigorously quantifies important EW effects in the current LHC experiments.
We present an overview on the current experimental and phenomenological status of transverse single spin asymmetries (tSSAs) in proton-proton collisions. In particular, we focus on large-$p_T$ inclusive pion, photon, jet, pion-jet production and Drell-Yan processes. For all of them theoretical estimates are given in terms of a generalised parton model (GPM) based on a transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorisation scheme. Comparisons with the corresponding results in a collinear twist-3 formalism and in a modified GPM approach are also made. On the experimental side, a selection of the most interesting and recent results from RHIC is presented.
The NA61/SHINE collaboration has recently published high precision data on production of $pi^pm$ and $K^pm$ mesons, protons, antiprotons and $Lambda$ hyperons in ${rm pp}$ interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c, and in ${rm pC}$ interactions at 31 GeV/c. The collaboration also presented experimental data on production of particles - $pi^pm$, $K^pm$, $p^pm$, $rho^0$, $omega$ and $K^{*0}$ in $pi^-{rm C}$ collisions at 158 and 350 GeV/c. The collaboration has compared these data with various Monte Carlo model calculations: UrQMD, EPOS, GiBUU, and others. All of the models have various problems. The latest version of the FTF (Fritiof) model of Geant4 solves most of these problems. In the FTF model, we have improved the fragmentation of quark-gluon strings with small masses and introduced dependencies of probabilities of strange mesons and baryon-antibaryon pairs creation on string masses. Due to these changes, we describe the data of the NA61/SHINE collaboration on particle production in ${rm pp, pC}$, and $pi^-{rm C}$ interactions. The improved Geant4 FTF model also well reproduces experimental data on inclusive cross sections of $Lambda, bar{Lambda}$ and $K^{0}$ production in antiproton-proton interactions at various energies. The modified FTF model allows one to simulate realistic processes with two particle productions - $bar{p}p rightarrow Lambda bar{Lambda}$, $bar{p}p rightarrow K^{+} K^{-}$, $bar{p}p rightarrow Lambda bar{Sigma}$, and $bar{p}p rightarrowSigma bar{Sigma}$, which will be studied in the future by the PANDA experiment at FAIR (GSI, Germany).
We show that the large corrections due to final state interactions (FSI) in the D^+to pi^-pi^+pi^+, D^+_sto pi^-pi^+pi^+, and D^+to K^-pi^+pi^+ decays can be accounted for by invoking scattering amplitudes in agreement with those derived from phase shifts studies. In this way, broad/overlapping resonances in S-waves are properly treated and the phase motions of the transition amplitudes are driven by the corresponding scattering matrix elements determined in many other experiments. This is an important step forward in resolving the puzzle of the FSI in these decays. We also discuss why the sigma and kappa resonances, hardly visible in scattering experiments, are much more prominent and clearly visible in these decays without destroying the agreement with the experimental pipi and Kpi low energy S-wave phase shifts.
A simple phenomenological introduction to the physics of multi-pomeron exchange amplitudes in connection with the Abramovski-Gribov-Kancheli (AGK) cutting rules is given. The AGK cutting rules are applied to obtain qualitative and quantitative predictions on multiparticle production at high energies. On this basis, particle production in hadron-hadron scattering, photoproduction, and in particular the transition to deep-inelastic scattering is discussed.
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