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Register a new userCircumbinary Components of Contact Binaries
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The period changes of contact binaries obtained by the analysis of eclipse minima timing are found mostly chaotic in nature. However, they are representable by a few cyclic changes superposed on a secular change. The cyclic changes are caused most probably by the third components revolving around the contact binaries. Some typical examples of the period changes of contact binaries are presented in the present contribution.
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Up to present date, no circumbinary planet around contact binaries were discovered neither by transit method nor by the minima times variation, although they are known having third component stars around. We thus ask: where are the circumbinary planets of contact binaries? By considering the physical and geometrical parameters we simulated the light curves of contact binaries with possible transiting circumbinary jovian planets. It seems either the circumbinary jovian planets are not formed around contact binaries, probably due to dynamical effects of the binary and third component stars, or they are present but the discovery of such planets were not possible so far due to larger distortions then expected in the photometric data and in the minima times.
Double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s) are one of the main sources of stellar masses, as additional observations are only needed to give the inclinations of the orbital planes in order to obtain the individual masses of the components. For this reason, we are observing a selection of SB2s using the SOPHIE spectrograph at the Haute-Provence observatory in order to precisely determine their orbital elements. Our objective is to finally obtain masses with an accuracy of the order of one percent by combining our radial velocity (RV) measurements and the astrometric measurements that will come from the Gaia satellite. We present here the RVs and the re-determined orbits of 10 SB2s. In order to verify the masses we will derive from Gaia, we obtained interferometric measurements of the ESO VLTI for one of these SB2s. Adding the interferometric or speckle measurements already published by us or by others for 4 other stars, we finally obtain the masses of the components of 5 binary stars, with masses ranging from 0.51 to 2.2 solar masses, including main-sequence dwarfs and some more evolved stars whose location in the HR diagram has been estimated.
We present the preliminary results of the study of an interesting target in the first CoRoT exo-planet field (IRa1): CoRoT 102918586. Its light curve presents additional variability on the top of the eclipses, whose pattern suggests multi- frequency pulsations. The high accuracy CoRoT light curve was analyzed by applying an iterative scheme, devised to disentangle the effect of eclipses from the oscillatory pattern. In addition to the CoRoT photometry we obtained low resolution spectroscopy with the AAOmega multi-fiber facility at the Anglo Australian Observatory, which yielded a spectral classification as F0 V and allowed us to infer a value of the primary star effective temperature. The Fourier analysis of the residuals, after subtraction of the binary light curve, gave 35 clear frequencies. The highest amplitude frequency, of 1.22 c/d, is in the expected range for both gamma Dor and SPB pulsators, but the spectral classification favors the first hypothesis. Apart from a few multiples of the orbital period, most frequencies can be interpreted as rotational splitting of the main frequency (an l = 2 mode) and of its overtones.
[Abridged] We test the evolutionary model of cool close binaries on the observed properties of near contact binaries (NCBs). Those with a more massive component filling the Roche lobe are SD1 binaries whereas in SD2 binaries the Roche lobe filling component is less massive. Our evolutionary model assumes that, following the Roche lobe overflow by the more massive component (donor), mass transfer occurs until mass ratio reversal. A binary in an initial phase of mass transfer, before mass equalization, is identified with SD1 binary. We show that the transferred mass forms an equatorial bulge around the less massive component (accretor). Its presence slows down the mass transfer rate to the value determined by the thermal time scale of the accretor, once the bulge sticks out above the Roche lobe. It means, that in a binary with a (typical) mass ratio of 0.5 the SD1 phase lasts at least 10 times longer than resulting from the standard evolutionary computations neglecting this effect. This is why we observe so many SD1 binaries. Our explanation is in contradiction to predictions identifying the SD1 phase with a broken contact phase of the Thermal Relaxation Oscillations model. The continued mass transfer, past mass equalization, results in mass ratio reversed. SD2 binaries are identified with this phase. Our model predicts that the time scales of SD1 and SD2 phases are comparable to one another. Analysis of the observations of 22 SD1 binaries, 27 SD2 binaries and 110 contact binaries (CBs) shows that relative number of both types of NCBs favors similar time scales of both phases of mass transfer. Total masses, orbital angular momenta and orbital periods of SD1 and SD2 binaries are indistinguishable from each other whereas they differ substantially from the corresponding parameters of CBs. We conclude that the results of the analysis fully support the model presented in this paper.
A set of 27 evolutionary models of cool close binaries was computed under the assumption that their evolution is influenced by the magnetized winds. Initial periods of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 d were considered. For each period three values of 1.3, 1.1 and 0.9 solar mass were taken as the initial masses of the more massive components. Here the results of the computations of the first evolutionary phase are presented, which starts from the initial conditions and ends when the more massive component reaches its critical Roche lobe. In all considered cases this phase lasts for several Gyr. For binaries with the higher total mass and/or longer initial periods this time is equal to, or longer than the main sequence life time of the more massive component. For the remaining binaries it amounts to a substantial fraction of this life time. From the statistical analysis of models, the predicted period distribution of detached binaries with periods shorter than 2 d was obtained and compared to the observed distribution from the ASAS data. An excellent agreement was obtained under the assumption that the period distribution in this range is determined solely by the mass and angular momentum loss due to the magnetized winds. This result indicates, in particular, that virtually all cool detached binaries with periods of a few tenths of a day, believed to be the immediate progenitors of W UMa-type stars, were formed from detached systems with periods around 2-3 d and that magnetic braking is the dominant formation mechanism of cool contact binaries. It operates on the time scale of several Gyr rendering them rather old, with age of 6-10 Gyr. The results of the present analysis will be used as input data to investigate the subsequent evolution of the binaries, through the mass exchange phase and contact or semi-detached configuration till the ultimate merging of the components.
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