Nontrivial Causal Structures Engendered by Knotted Solitons

It is shown that the causal structure associated to string-like solutions of the Fadeev-Niemi (FN) model is described by an effective metric. Remarkably, the surfaces characterising the causal replacement depend on the energy momentum tensor of the background soliton and carry implicitly a topological invariant $pi_{3}(mathbb{S}^2)$. As a consequence, it follows that the pre- image curves in $mathbb{R}^3$ nontrivialy define directions where the cones remain unchanged. It turns out that these results may be of importance in understanding time dependent solutions (collisions/scatterings) numerically or analytically.