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Register a new userAll-optical production and trapping of metastable noble gas atoms down to the single atom regime
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The determination of isotope ratios of noble gas atoms has many applications e.g. in physics, nuclear arms control, and earth sciences. For several applications, the concentration of specific noble gas isotopes (e.g. Kr and Ar) is so low that single atom detection is highly desirable for a precise determination of the concentration. As an important step in this direction, we demonstrate operation of a krypton Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) setup based on a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for metastable Kr atoms excited by all-optical means. Compared to other state-of-the-art techniques for preparing metastable noble gas atoms, all-optical production is capable of overcoming limitations regarding minimal probe volume and avoiding cross-contamination of the samples. In addition, it allows for a compact and reliable setup. We identify optimal parameters of our experimental setup by employing the most abundant isotope Kr-84, and demonstrate single atom detection within a 3D MOT.
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We have successfully implemented the first simultaneous magneto-optical trapping (MOT) of lithium ($^6$Li) and ytterbium ($^{174}$Yb) atoms, towards production of ultracold polar molecules of LiYb. For this purpose, we developed the dual atomic oven which contains both atomic species as an atom source and successfully observed the spectra of the Li and Yb atoms in the atomic beams from the dual atomic oven. We constructed the vacuum chamber including the glass cell with the windows made of zinc selenium (ZnSe) for the CO$_2$ lasers, which are the useful light sources of optical trapping for evaporative and sympathetic cooling. Typical atom numbers and temperatures in the compressed MOT are 7$times10^3$ atoms, 640 $mu$K for $^6$Li, 7$times10^4$ atoms and 60 $mu$K for $^{174}$Yb, respectively.
Ultracold atoms confined in a dipole trap are submitted to a potential whose depth is proportional to the real part of their dynamic dipole polarizability. The atoms also experience photon scattering whose rate is proportional to the imaginary part of their dynamic dipole polarizability. In this article we calculate the complex dynamic dipole polarizability of ground-state erbium, a rare-earth atom that was recently Bose-condensed. The polarizability is calculated with the sum-over-state formula inherent to second-order perturbation theory. The summation is performed on transition energies and transition dipole moments from ground-state erbium, which are computed using the Racah-Slater least-square fitting procedure provided by the Cowan codes. This allows us to predict 9 unobserved odd-parity energy levels of total angular momentum J=5, 6 and 7, in the range 25000-31000 cm-1 above the ground state. Regarding the trapping potential, we find that ground-state erbium essentially behaves like a spherically-symmetric atom, in spite of its large electronic angular momentum. We also find a mostly isotropic van der Waals interaction between two ground-state erbium atoms, characterized by a coefficient C_6^{iso}=1760 a.u.. On the contrary, the photon-scattering rate shows a pronounced anisotropy, since it strongly depends on the polarization of the trapping light.
Three dimensional electrodynamic trapping of neutral atoms has been demonstrated. By applying time-varying inhomogeneous electric fields with micron-sized electrodes, nearly $10^2$ strontium atoms in the $^1S_0$ state have been trapped with a lifetime of 80 ms. In order to design the electrodes, we numerically analyzed the electric field and simulated atomic trajectories in the trap, which showed reasonable agreement with the experiment.
We report all-electron variational and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (VMC and DMC) calculations for the noble gas atoms He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The calculations were performed using Slater-Jastrow wave functions with Hartree-Fock single-particle orbitals. The quality of both the optimized Jastrow factors and the nodal surfaces of the wave functions declines with increasing atomic number Z, but the DMC calculations are tractable and well behaved in all cases. We discuss the scaling of the computational cost of DMC calculations with Z.
An all-optical, near-resonant laser atom trap is used to prepare an electronically excited and polarized gas target at mK-temperature for complete photo-ionization studies. As a proof-of-principal experiment, lithium atoms in the 2$^2$P$_{3/2}$($m_l$=+1) state are ionized by a 266 nm laser source, and emitted electrons and Li$^+$ ions are momentum analyzed in a COLTRIMS spectrometer. The excellent resolution achieved in the present experiment allows not only to extract the relative phase and amplitude of all partial waves contributing to the final state, it also enables to characterize the experiment regarding target and spectrometer properties. Photo-electron angular distributions are measured for five different laser polarizations and described in a one-electron approximation with excellent agreement.
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