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Register a new userThe equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
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We present results for the equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD using the highly improved staggered quark action and lattices with temporal extent $N_{tau}=6,~8,~10$, and $12$. We show that these data can be reliably extrapolated to the continuum limit and obtain a number of thermodynamic quantities and the speed of sound in the temperature range $(130-400)$ MeV. We compare our results with previous calculations, and provide an analytic parameterization of the pressure, from which other thermodynamic quantities can be calculated, for use in phenomenology. We show that the energy density in the crossover region, $145~ {rm MeV} leq T leq 163$ MeV, defined by the chiral transition, is $epsilon_c=(0.18-0.5)~{rm GeV}/{rm fm}^3$, $i.e.$, $(1.2-3.1) epsilon_{rm nuclear}$. At high temperatures, we compare our results with resummed and dimensionally reduced perturbation theory calculations. As a byproduct of our analyses, we obtain the values of the scale parameters $r_0$ from the static quark potential and $w_0$ from the gradient flow.
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We study correlation functions of spatially separated static quark-antiquark pairs in (2+1)-flavor QCD in order to investigate onset and nature of color screening at high temperatures. We perform lattice calculations in a wide temperature range, $140 le T le 5814,{rm MeV}$, using the highly improved staggered quark action and several lattice spacings to control discretization effects. By comparing at high temperatures our lattice results to weak-coupling calculations as well as to the zero temperature result for the energy of a static quark-antiquark pair, we observe that color screening sets in at $rT approx 0.3$. Furthermore, we also observe that in the range $0.3 lesssim r T lesssim 0.6$ weak-coupling calculations in the framework of suitable effective field theories provide an adequate picture of color screening.
We determine the continuum limit of the curvature of the pseudocritical line of QCD with $n_f$=2+1 staggered fermions at nonzero temperature and quark density. We perform Monte Carlo simulations at imaginary baryon chemical potentials, adopting the HISQ/tree action discretization, as implemented in the code by the MILC collaboration. Couplings are adjusted so as to move on a line of constant physics, as determined in Ref.~cite{Bazavov:2011nk}, with the strange quark mass $m_s$ fixed at its physical value and a light-to-strange mass ratio $m_l/m_s=1/20$. The chemical potential is set at the same value for the three quark species, $mu_l=mu_sequiv mu$. We attempt an extrapolation to the continuum using the results on lattices with temporal size up to $L_t=12$. Our estimate for the continuum value of the curvature $kappa$ at zero baryon density, $kappa=0.020(4)$, is compared with recent lattice results and with experimental determinations of the freeze-out curve.
The energy-momentum tensor and equation of state are studied in finite-temperature (2+1)-flavor QCD with improved Wilson quarks using the method proposed by Makino and Suzuki based on the gradient flow. We find that the results of the gradient flow are consistent with the previous results using the $T$-integration method at $T mathrel{rlap{raise 0.511ex hbox{$<$}}{lower 0.511ex hbox{$sim$}}} 280$ MeV ($N_tmathrel{rlap{raise 0.511ex hbox{$>$}}{lower 0.511ex hbox{$sim$}}}10$), while a disagreement is found at $T mathrel{rlap{raise 0.511ex hbox{$>$}}{lower 0.511ex hbox{$sim$}}} 350$ MeV ($N_t mathrel{rlap{raise 0.511ex hbox{$<$}}{lower 0.511ex hbox{$sim$}}} 8$) presumably due to the small-$N_t$ lattice artifact. We also report on the results on the renormalized chiral condensate and its disconnected susceptibility using the method of Hieda and Suzuki. The results show a clear signal of the expected chiral restoration crossover even with Wilson-type quarks which violate the chiral symmetry explicitly.
We construct a simple model for describing the hadron-quark crossover transition by using lattice QCD (LQCD) data in the 2+1 flavor system, and draw the phase diagram in the 2+1 and 2+1+1 flavor systems through analyses of the equation of state (EoS) and the susceptibilities. In the present hadron-quark crossover (HQC) model is successful in reproducing LQCD data on the EoS and the flavor susceptibilities.We define the hadron-quark transition temperature. For the 2+1 flavor system, the transition line thus obtained is almost identical in planes that are created by temperature and the chemical potential for the baryon-number(B), the isospin(I), the hypercharge(Y), when the chemical potentials are smaller than 250 MeV. This BIY approximate equivalence persists also in the 2+1+1 flavor system. We plot the phase diagram also in planes that are created by temperature and the chemical potential for u,d,s quark number in order to investigate flavor dependence of transition lines. In the 2+1+1 flavor system, c quark does not affect the 2+1 flavor subsystem composed of u, d, s. The flavor off-diagonal susceptibilities are good indicators to see how hadrons survive as T increases, since the independent quark model hardly contributes to them.
We present a lattice QCD based determination of the chiral phase transition temperature in QCD with two degenerate, massless quarks and a physical strange quark mass. We propose and calculate two novel estimators for the chiral transition temperature for several values of the light quark masses, corresponding to Goldstone pion masses in the range of $58~{rm MeV}lesssim m_pilesssim 163~{rm MeV}$. The chiral phase transition temperature is determined by extrapolating to vanishing pion mass using universal scaling analysis. Finite volume effects are controlled by extrapolating to the thermodynamic limit using spatial lattice extents in the range of $2.8$-$4.5$ times the inverse of the pion mass. Continuum extrapolations are carried out by using three different values of the lattice cut-off, corresponding to lattices with temporal extent $N_tau=6, 8$ and $12$. After thermodynamic, continuum and chiral extrapolations we find the chiral phase transition temperature $T_c^0=132^{+3}_{-6}$ MeV.
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