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A census of H$alpha$ emitters in the intergalactic medium of the NGC 2865 system

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 Publication date 2014
  fields Physics
and research's language is English




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Tidal debris which are rich in HI gas, formed in interacting and merging systems, are suitable laboratories to study star formation outside galaxies. Recently, several such systems were observed, which contained many young star forming regions outside the galaxies. In previous works, we have studied young star forming regions outside galaxies in different systems with optical and/or gaseous tidal debris, all of them with available archive GALEX/UV images, in order to understand how often they occur and in which type of environments. In this paper we searched for star forming regions around the galaxy NGC2865, a shell galaxy which is circled by a ring of HI, with a total mass of 1.2 x 10$^9$ M$_odot$. Using the Multi-Slit Imaging Spectroscopy Technique with the Gemini telescope, we detected all H$alpha$ emitting sources in the surroundings of the galaxy NGC2865, down to a flux limit of 10$^{-18}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ AA$^{-1}$. Together with Near and Far-Ultraviolet flux information we characterize the star formation rates, masses, ages, and metallicities for these HII regions. In total, we found 26 emission-line sources in a 60 $times$ 60 Kpc field centered over the southeastern tail of the HI gas present around the galaxy NGC2865. Out of the 26 H$alpha$ emitters, 19 are in the satellite galaxy FGCE 0745 and seven are intergalactic HII regions scattered over the south tail of the HI gas around NGC2865. We found that the intergalactic HII regions are young ($<$200 Myr) with stellar masses in the range 4 X 10$^3$M$_odot$ to 17x10$^6$ M$_odot$. These are found in a region of low HI gas density, where the probability of forming stars is expected to be low. For one of the intergalactic HII regions we estimated a solar oxygen abundance of 12 + log(O/H) $sim$ 8.7. We also were able to estimate the metallicity for the satellite galaxy FGCE0745 to be 12 + log(O/H) ~ 8.0.



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It has been known for decades that the observed number of baryons in the local universe falls about 30-40% short of the total number of baryons predicted by Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis, as inferred from density fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background and seen during the first 2-3 billion years of the universe in the so called Lyman-alpha Forest. A theoretical solution to this paradox locates the missing baryons in the hot and tenuous filamentary gas between galaxies, known as the warm-hot intergalactic medium. However, it is difficult to detect them there because the largest by far constituent of this gas - hydrogen - is mostly ionized and therefore almost invisible in far-ultraviolet spectra with typical signal-to-noise ratios. Indeed, despite the large observational efforts, only a few marginal claims of detection have been made so far. Here we report observations of two absorbers of highly ionized oxygen (OVII) in the high signal-to-noise-ratio X-ray spectrum of a quasar at redshift >0.4. These absorbers show no variability over a 2-year timescale and have no associated cold absorption, making the assumption that they originate from the quasars intrinsic outflow or the host galaxys interstellar medium implausible. The OVII systems lie in regions characterized by large (x4 compared to average) galaxy over-densities and their number (down to the sensitivity threshold of our data), agrees well with numerical simulation predictions for the long-sought warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). We conclude that the missing baryons have been found.
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