No Arabic abstract
It has been recently pointed out that removing the axial symmetry in the multi-angle effects associated with the neutrino-neutrino interactions for supernova (SN) neutrinos, a new multi-azimuthal-angle (MAA) instability would arise. In particular, for a flux ordering $F_{ u_e} > F_{bar u_e} > F_{ u_x}$, as expected during the SN accretion phase, this instability occurs in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. However, during this phase the ordinary matter density can be larger than the neutrino one, suppressing the self-induced
The usual description of self-induced flavor
We revisit our previous results on the matter suppression of self-induced neutrino flavor
We investigate collective flavor oscillations of supernova neutrinos at late stages of the explosion. We first show that the frequently used single-angle (averaged coupling) approximation predicts oscillations close to, or perhaps even inside, the neutrinosphere, potentially invalidating the basic neutrino transport paradigm. Fortunately, we also find that the single-angle approximation breaks down in this regime; in the full multiangle calculation, the oscillations start safely outside the transport region. The new suppression effect is traced to the interplay between the dispersion in the neutrino-neutrino interactions and the vacuum oscillation term.
Neutrino flavor oscillations in the presence of ambient neutrinos is nonlinear in nature which leads to interesting phenomenology that has not been well understood. It was recently shown that, in the two-dimensional, two-beam neutrino Line model, the inhomogeneous neutrino oscillation modes on small distance scales can become unstable at larger neutrino densities than the homogeneous mode does. We develop a numerical code to solve neutrino oscillations in the multi-angle/beam Line model with a continuous neutrino angular distribution. We show that the inhomogeneous oscillation modes can occur at even higher neutrino densities in the multi-angle model than in the two-beam model. We also find that the inhomogeneous modes on sufficiently small scales can be unstable at smaller neutrino densities with ambient matter than without, although a larger matter density does shift the instability region of the homogeneous mode to higher neutrino densities in the Line model as it does in the one-dimensional supernova Bulb model. Our results suggest that the inhomogeneous neutrino oscillation modes can be difficult to treat numerically because the problem of spurious oscillations becomes more severe for oscillations on smaller scales.