No Arabic abstract
We present the studies of structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of bulk Cd$_{1textrm{-}x}$Mn$_{x}$GeAs$_{2}$ crystals with low Mn content, $x$, varying from 0 to 0.037. The studied samples have excellent crystallographic quality indicated by the presence of diffraction patterns never before observed experimentally for this compound. The electrical transport in our samples is dominated by thermal activation of conducting holes from the impurity states to the valence band with activation energy of about 200$;$meV. The defect states acting as ionic scattering centers with concentration in the range from 6 to 15$times$10$^{17}$$;$cm$^{-3}$ are observed. The effective Mn content in our samples, $bar{x}_{theta}$, determined from fit of the susceptibility data to the Curie-Weiss law, is very close to the average chemical content, $x$. It indicates that the Mn ions are distributed randomly, substituting the Cd sites in the host CdGeAs$_{2}$ lattice. We observe a negative Curie-Weiss temperature, $|theta|$$,$$leq$$,$3.1$;$K, increasing as a function of $x$. This indicates the significance of the short-range interactions between the Mn ions.
We present the studies of electrical transport and magnetic interactions in Zn_{1-x}Mn_{x}GeAs_{2} crystals with low Mn content 0 leq x leq 0.043. We show that the ionic-acceptor defects are mainly responsible for the strong p-type conductivity of our samples. We found that the negative magnetoresistance (MR) with maximum values of about -50% is related to the weak localization phenomena. The magnetic properties of Zn1-xMnxGeAs2 samples show that the random Mn-distribution in the cation sites of the host lattice occurs only for the sample with the lowest Mn-content, x=0.003. The samples with higher Mn-content show a high level of magnetic frustration. Nonzero Curie-Weiss temperature observed in all our samples indicates that weak ferromagnetic (for x=0.003) or antiferromagnetic (for x>0.005) interactions with |{Theta}|<3 K are present in this system. The RKKY model, used to estimate the Mn-hole exchange integral Jpd for the diluted Zn/0.997/Mn/0.003/GeAs/2/ sample, makes possible to estimate the value of Jpd =(0.75+/-0.09) eV.
We have studied the effect of Al doping on the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of La$_{1-x}$Ba$_x$Mn$_{1-x}$Al$_x$O$_3$ ($0leq x leq 0.25$) manganite, annealed in two 750$^oC$ and 1350$^oC$ temperatures. The XRD analysis shows that the structures in all samples have single phase rhombohedral structure with R$bar{3}$c space group. The unit cell volume almost decrease with increasing the Al doping in all samples. The grain growth with increasing annealing temperature and Al doping also have been studied. We observed that, T$_c$ temperature decreases when the Al ion substitute in Mn ion site. The magnetic study of the samples via magnetic susceptibility results in Griffiths and spin-glass phase for samples doped with aluminium. Along the resistivity measurement results, the $T_{MIT}$ (metal-insulator) transition temperatures decrease and the system become an insulator. The insulator-metal transition occurs for L0 sample in near 165K, while this transition is weak for H0 sample due to oxygen non-stoichiometry.Using three models viz. 1. Adiabatic small polaron hoping, 2.Variable range hopping, and 3. Percolation model, the resistance have been studied.
A set of thin film Mn$_x$Si$_{1-x}$ alloy samples with different manganese concentration x = 0.44 - 0.63 grown by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method onto the Al$_2$O$_3$(0001) substrate was investigated in the temperature range 4 - 300 K using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements in the wide range of frequencies (f = 7 - 60 GHz) and magnetic fields (H = 0 - 30 kOe). For samples with x = 0.52 - 0.55, FMR data show clear evidence of ferromagnetism with high Curie temperatures T$_text{C}$ ~ 300 K. These samples demonstrate complex and unusual character of magnetic anisotropy described in the frame of phenomenological model as a combination of the essential second order easy plane anisotropy contribution and the additional forth order uniaxial anisotropy contribution with easy direction normal to the film plane. We explain the obtained results by a polycrystalline (mosaic) structure of the films caused by the film-substrate lattice mismatch. The existence of extra strains at the crystallite boundaries leads to an essential inhomogeneous magnetic anisotropy in the film plane.
We discuss a new narrow-gap ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor alloy, In(1-x)Mn(x)Sb, and its growth by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. The magnetic properties were investigated by direct magnetization measurements, electrical transport, magnetic circular dichroism, and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. These data clearly indicate that In(1-x)Mn(x)Sb possesses all the attributes of a system with carrier-mediated FM interactions, including well-defined hysteresis loops, a cusp in the temperature dependence of the resistivity, strong negative magnetoresistance, and a large anomalous Hall effect. The Curie temperatures in samples investigated thus far range up to 8.5 K, which are consistent with a mean-field-theory simulation of the carrier-induced ferromagnetism based on the 8-band effective band-orbital method.
A delicate balance between various factors such as site occupancy, composition and magnetic ordering seems to affect the stability of the martensitic phase in Mn$_{2}$Ni$_{1+x}$Sn$_{1-x}$. Using first-principles DFT calculations, we explore the impacts of each one of these factors on the martensitic stability of this system. Our results on total energies, magnetic moments and electronic structures upon changes in the composition, the magnetic configurations and the site occupancies show that the occupancies at the 4d sites in the Inverse Heusler crystal structure play the most crucial role. The presence of Mn at the 4d sites originally occupied by Sn and its interaction with the Mn atoms at other sites decide the stability of the martensitic phases. This explains the discrepancy between the experiments and earlier DFT calculations regarding phase stability in Mn$_{2}$NiSn. Our results qualitatively explain the trends observed experimentally with regard to martensitic phase stability and the magnetisations in Ni-excess, Sn-deficient Mn$_{2}$NiSn system.