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Register a new userSolar analogues and Solar twins in the HARPS archive
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We present 63 Solar analogues and twins for which high S/N archival data are available for the HARPS high resolution spectrograph at the ESO 3.6m telescope. We perform a differential analysis of these stellar spectra relative to the Solar spectrum, similar to previous work using ESO 2.2m/FEROS data, and expand our analysis by introducing a new method to test the temperature and metallicity calibration of Sun-like stars in the Geneva-Copenhagen-Survey (GCS). The HARPS data are significantly better than the FEROS data, with improvements in S/N, spectral resolution, and number of lines we can analyse. We confirm the offsets to the photometric scale found in our FEROS study. We confirm 3 Solar twins found in the FEROS data as Solar twins in the HARPS data, as well as identify 6 new twins.
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A large dataset of ~2800 spectra extracted from the ELODIE archive was analysed in order to find solar twins. A list of stellar spectra closely resembling the spectrum of the Sun was selected by applying a purely differential method, directly on the fluxes. As solar reference, 18 spectra of asteroids, Moon and blue sky were used. Atmospheric parameters and differential abundances of 8 chemical elements were determined for the solar twin candidates, after a careful selection of appropriate lines. The Li feature of the targets was investigated and additional information on absolute magnitude and age was gathered from the literature. HIP076114 (HD138573) is our best twin candidate, looking exactly like the Sun in all these properties.
Context. Many large stellar surveys have been and are still being carried out, providing huge amounts of data, for which stellar physical parameters will be derived. Solar twins and analogues provide a means to test the calibration of these stellar catalogues because the Sun is the best-studied star and provides precise fundamental parameters. Solar twins should be centred on the solar values. Aims. This spectroscopic study of solar analogues selected from the Geneva-Copenhagen Survey (GCS) at a resolution of 48,000 provides effective temperatures and metallicities for these stars. We test whether our spectroscopic parameters, as well as the previous photometric calibrations, are properly centred on the Sun. In addition, we search for more solar twins in our sample. Methods. The methods used in this work are based on literature methods for solar twin searches and on methods we developed in previous work to distinguish the metallicity-temperature degeneracies in the differential comparison of spectra of solar analogues versus a reference solar reflection spectrum. Results. We derive spectroscopic parameters for 148 solar analogues (about 70 are new entries to the literature) and verify with a-posteriori differential tests that our values are well-centred on the solar values. We use our dataset to assess the two alternative calibrations of the GCS parameters; our methods favour the latest revision. We show that the choice of spectral line list or the choice of asteroid or time of observation does not affect the results. We also identify seven solar twins in our sample, three of which are published here for the first time. Conclusions. Our methods provide an independent means to differentially test the calibration of stellar catalogues around the values of a well-known benchmark star, which makes our work interesting for calibration tests of upcoming Galactic surveys.
Several abundance analyses of Galactic open clusters (OCs) have shown a tendency for Ba but not for other heavy elements (La$-$Sm) to increase sharply with decreasing age such that Ba was claimed to reach [Ba/Fe] $simeq +0.6$ in the youngest clusters (ages $<$ 100 Myr) rising from [Ba/Fe]$=0.00$ dex in solar-age clusters. Within the formulation of the $s$-process, the difficulty to replicate higher Ba abundance and normal La$-$Sm abundances in young clusters is known as {it the barium puzzle}. Here, we investigate the barium puzzle using extremely high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra of 24 solar twins and measured the heavy elements Ba, La, Ce, Nd and Sm with a precision of 0.03 dex. We demonstrate that the enhanced Ba {scs II} relative to La$-$Sm seen among solar twins, stellar associations and OCs at young ages ($<$100 Myr) is unrelated to aspects of stellar nucleosynthesis but has resulted from overestimation of Ba by standard methods of LTE abundance analysis in which the microturbulence derived from the Fe lines formed deep in the photosphere is insufficient to represent the true line broadening imposed on Ba {scs II} lines by the upper photospheric layers from where the Ba {scs II} lines emerge. As the young stars have relatively active photospheres, Ba overabundances most likely result from the adoption of too low a value of microturbulence in the spectum synthesis of the strong Ba {scs II} lines but the change of microturbulence in the upper photosphere has only a minor affect on La$-$Sm abundances measured from the weak lines.
In December 2016, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) carried out the first regular observations of the Sun. These early observations and the reduction of the respective data posed a challenge due to the novelty and complexity of observing the Sun with ALMA. The difficulties with producing science-ready time-resolved imaging products in a format familiar and usable by solar physicists based on the measurement sets delivered by ALMA had so far limited the availability of such data. With the development of the Solar ALMA Pipeline (SoAP), it has now become possible to routinely reduce such data sets. As a result, a growing number of science-ready solar ALMA datasets is now offered in the form of Solar ALMA Science Archive (SALSA). So far, SALSA contains primarily time series of single-pointing interferometric images at cadences of one or two seconds. The data arrays are provided in FITS format. We also present the first version of a standardised header format that accommodates future expansions and fits within the scope of other standards including the ALMA Science Archive itself and SOLARNET. The headers also include information designed to aid the reproduction of the imaging products from the raw data. Links to co-observations, if available, with a focus on those of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), are also provided. SALSA is accompanied by the Solar ALMA Library of Auxiliary Tools (SALAT) that contains IDL and Python routines for convenient loading and quick-look analysis of SALSA data.
We present the first investigation of Th abundances in Solar twins and analogues to understand the possible range of this radioactive element and its effect on rocky planet interior dynamics and potential habitability. The abundances of the radioactive elements Th and U are key components of a planets energy budget, making up 30% to 50% of the Earths (Korenaga 2008; All`egre et al. 2001; Schubert et al. 1980; Lyubetskaya & Korenaga 2007; The KamLAND Collaboration 2011; Huang et al. 2013). Radiogenic heat drives interior mantle convection and surface plate tectonics, which sustains a deep carbon and water cycle and thereby aides in creating Earths habitable surface. Unlike other heat sources that are dependent on the planets specific formation history, the radiogenic heat budget is directly related to the mantle concentration of these nuclides. As a refractory element, the stellar abundance of Th is faithfully reflected in the terrestrial planets concentration. We find that log eps Th varies from 59% to 251% that of Solar, suggesting extrasolar planetary systems may possess a greater energy budget with which to support surface to interior dynamics and thus increase their likelihood to be habitable compared to our Solar System.
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