No Arabic abstract
Let $G=QD_{8k}~$ be the quasi-dihedral group of order $8n$ and $theta$ be an automorphism of $QD_{8k}$ of finite order. The fixed-point set $H$ of $theta$ is defined as $H_{theta}=G^{theta}={xin G mid theta(x)=x}$ and generalized symmetric space $Q$ of $theta$ given by $Q_{theta}={gin G mid g=xtheta(x)^{-1}~mbox{for some}~xin G}.$ The characteristics of the sets $H$ and $Q$ have been calculated. It is shown that for any $H$ and $Q,~~H.Q eq QD_{8k}.$ the $H$-orbits on $Q$ are obtained under different conditions. Moreover, the formula to find the order of $v$-th root of unity in $mathbb{Z}_{2k}$ for $QD_{8k}$ has been calculated. The criteria to find the number of equivalence classes denoted by $C_{4k}$ of the involution automorphism has also been constructed. Finally, the set of twisted involutions $R=R_{theta}={~xin G~mid~theta(x)=x^{-1}}$ has been explored.
We initiate the study of analogues of symmetric spaces for the family of finite dihedral groups. In particular, we investigate the structure of the automorphism group, characterize the involutions of the automorphism group, and determine the fixed-group and symmetric space of each automorphism.
The group of almost Riordan arrays contains the group of Riordan arrays as a subgroup. In this note, we exhibit examples of pseudo-involutions, involutions and quasi-involutions in the group of almost Riordan arrays.
For a tuple $A=(A_1, A_2, ..., A_n)$ of elements in a unital Banach algebra ${mathcal B}$, its {em projective joint spectrum} $P(A)$ is the collection of $zin {mathbb C}^n$ such that the multiparameter pencil $A(z)=z_1A_1+z_2A_2+cdots +z_nA_n$ is not invertible. If ${mathcal B}$ is the group $C^*$-algebra for a discrete group $G$ generated by $A_1, A_2, ..., A_n$ with respect to a representation $rho$, then $P(A)$ is an invariant of (weak) equivalence for $rho$. This paper computes the joint spectrum of $(1, a, t)$ for the infinite dihedral group $D_{infty}=<a, t | a^2=t^2=1>$ with respect to the left regular representation $lambda_D$, and gives an in-depth analysis on its properties. A formula for the Fuglede-Kadison determinant of the pencil $R(z)=1+z_1a+z_2t$ is obtained, and it is used to compute the first singular homology group of the joint resolvent set $P^c(R)$. The joint spectrum gives new insight into some earlier studies on groups of intermediate growth, through which the corresponding joint spectrum of $(1, a, t)$ with respect to the Koopman representation $rho$ (constructed through a self-similar action of $D_{infty}$ on a binary tree) can be computed. It turns out that the joint spectra with respect to the two representations coincide. Interestingly, this fact leads to a self-similar realization of the group $C^*$-algebra $C^*(D_{infty})$. This self-similarity of $C^*(D_{infty})$ is manifested by some dynamical properties of the joint spectrum.
An involutive diffeomorphism $sigma$ of a connected smooth manifold $M$ is called dissecting if the complement of its fixed point set is not connected. Dissecting involutions on a complete Riemannian manifold are closely related to constructive quantum field theory through the work of Dimock and Jaffe/Ritter on the construction of reflection positive Hilbert spaces. In this article we classify all pairs $(M,sigma)$, where $M$ is an irreducible symmetric space, not necessarily Riemannian, and $sigma$ is a dissecting involutive automorphism. In particular, we show that the only irreducible $1$-connected Riemannian symmetric spaces are $S^n$ and $H^n$ with dissecting isometric involutions whose fixed point spaces are $S^{n-1}$ and $H^{n-1}$, respectively.
In this monograph, we give an account of the relationship between the algebraic structure of finitely generated and countable groups and the regularity with which they act on manifolds. We concentrate on the case of one--dimensional manifolds, culminating with a uniform construction of finitely generated groups acting with prescribed regularity on the compact interval and on the circle. We develop the theory of dynamical obstructions to smoothness, beginning with classical results of Denjoy, to more recent results of Kopell, and to modern results such as the $abt$--Lemma. We give a classification of the right-angled Artin groups that have finite critical regularity and discuss their exact critical regularities in many cases, and we compute the virtual critical regularity of most mapping class groups of orientable surfaces.