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The integration of nanophotonics and atomic physics has been a long-sought goal that would open new frontiers for optical physics. Here, we report the development of the first integrated optical circuit with a photonic crystal capable of both localizing and interfacing atoms with guided photons in the device. By aligning the optical bands of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) with selected atomic transitions, our platform provides new opportunities for novel quantum transport and many-body phenomena by way of photon-mediated atomic interactions along the PCW. From reflection spectra measured with average atom number N = 1.1$pm$0.4, we infer that atoms are localized within the PCW by Casimir-Polder and optical dipole forces. The fraction of single-atom radiative decay into the PCW is $Gamma_{rm 1D}/Gamma$ = 0.32$pm$0.08, where $Gamma_{1D}$ is the rate of emission into the guided mode and $Gamma$ is the decay rate into all other channels. $Gamma_{rm 1D}/Gamma$ is quoted without enhancement due to an external cavity and is unprecedented in all current atom-photon interfaces.
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We propose the use of photonic crystal structures to design subwavelength optical lattices in two dimensions for ultracold atoms by using both Guided Modes and Casimir-Polder forces. We further show how to use Guided Modes for photon-induced large and strongly long-range interactions between trapped atoms. Finally, we analyze the prospects of this scheme to implement spin models for quantum simulation
We investigate propagation of light pulses in photonic crystals in the vicinity of the zero-diffraction point. We show that Gaussian pulses due to nonzero width of their spectrum spread weakly in space and time during the propagation. We also find the family of nonspreading pulses, propagating invariantly in the vicinity of the zero diffraction point of photonic crystals.
The model of nonlinear interaction of proper waves of photonic crystal with plane acoustic wave was developed. The formulation of the model is reduced to the eigenvalue problem, which can be solved by computer simulations. By means of the formulae given in present paper one can predict which polarizations of acoustic wave can result in Bragg diffraction of optical waves of TE or TM polarizations. Computer simulation allows obtaining amplitudes of interaction waves in the case of Bragg diffraction when phase-matching conditions are fulfilled.
We describe a smooth transition from (fully ordered) photonic crystal to (fully disordered) photonic glass that enables us to make an accurate measurement of the scattering mean free path in nanostructured media and, in turn, establishes the dominant role of the density of states. We have found one order of magnitude chromatic variation in the scattering mean free path in photonic crystals for just $sim 3%$ shift around the band-gap ($sim 27$ nm in wavelength).
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