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Register a new userA colored operad for string link infection
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Budney recently constructed an operad that encodes splicing of knots. He further showed that the space of (long) knots is generated over this operad by the space of torus knots and hyperbolic knots, thus generalizing the satellite decomposition of knots from isotopy classes to the level of the space of knots. Infection by string links is a generalization of splicing from knots to links. We construct a colored operad that encodes string link infection. We prove that a certain subspace of the space of 2-component string links is generated over a suboperad of our operad by its subspace of prime links. This generalizes a result from joint work with Blair from isotopy classes of knots to the space of knots. Furthermore, all the relations in the monoid of 2-string links (as determined in our joint work with Blair) are captured by our infection operad.
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A new topological operad is introduced, called the splicing operad. This operad acts on a broad class of spaces of self-embeddings N --> N where N is a manifold. The action of this operad on EC(j,M) (self embeddings R^j x M --> R^j x M with support in I^j x M) is an extension of the action of the operad of (j+1)-cubes on this space. Moreover the action of the splicing operad encodes Larry Siebenmanns splicing construction for knots in S^3 in the j=1, M=D^2 case. The space of long knots in R^3 (denoted K_{3,1}) was shown to be a free 2-cubes object with free generating subspace P, the subspace of long knots that are prime with respect to the connect-sum operation. One of the main results of this paper is that K_{3,1} is free with respect to the splicing operad action, but the free generating space is the much `smaller space of torus and hyperbolic knots TH subset K_{3,1}. Moreover, the splicing operad for K_{3,1} has a `simple homotopy-type as an operad.
In this paper we use 3-manifold techniques to illuminate the structure of the string link monoid. In particular, we give a prime decomposition theorem for string links on two components as well as give necessary conditions for string links to commute under the stacking operation.
Two string links are equivalent up to $2n$-moves and link-homotopy if and only if their all Milnor link-homotopy invariants are congruent modulo $n$. Moreover, the set of the equivalence classes forms a finite group generated by elements of order $n$. The classification induces that if two string links are equivalent up to $2n$-moves for every $n>0$, then they are link-homotopic.
This paper is built on the following observation: the purity of the mixed Hodge structure on the cohomology of Browns moduli spaces is essentially equivalent to the freeness of the dihedral operad underlying the gravity operad. We prove these two facts by relying on both the geometric and the algebraic aspects of the problem: the complete geometric description of the cohomology of Browns moduli spaces and the coradical filtration of cofree cooperads. This gives a conceptual proof of an identity of Bergstrom-Brown which expresses the Betti numbers of Browns moduli spaces via the inversion of a generating series. This also generalizes the Salvatore-Tauraso theorem on the nonsymmetric Lie operad.
Recent algebraic structures of string theory, including homotopy Lie algebras, gravity algebras and Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras, are deduced from the topology of the moduli spaces of punctured Riemann spheres. The principal reason for these structures to appear is as simple as the following. A conformal field theory is an algebra over the operad of punctured Riemann surfaces, this operad gives rise to certain standard operads governing the three kinds of algebras, and that yields the structures of such algebras on the (physical) state space naturally.
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